环境责任与有限责任制度的冲突与协调——基于在华跨国公司的分析

The Conflicts and Coordination between the Environmental Liability of Transnational Corporations in China and Limited Liability System——an analysis on the basis of transnational companies in China

有限责任制度对经济的巨大刺激作用已为世人所公认,而跨国公司的组织形式又将这种制度的优势发挥到了极致:股东在履行了出资义务、成功设立有限责任公司后,对公司债权人并无任何责任可言,尽管前者的意志通过一定的形式可以成为后者的意志,但却不必承担因此可能带来的额外的债务风险,特别是在跨国公司在东道国从事高污染、高环境风险的行业的情形下,依照有限责任制度则可能给无过错的环境侵权债权人带来极大的不公正,有限责任制度存在缺陷与困境尤其凸显。因此,在跨国公司环境责任的追究机制中,合理采纳法人人格否认、完善整体责任制度既有利于有限责任制度的扬长避短,也有利于完善跨国公司的环境法律责任。

It has been recognized that limited liability system stimulates the economy a lot while transnational corporations exploit the advantages of it to the maximun： Shareholders don＇t have to bear any responsibility to the creditors after investment and establishing the limited liability company.Although shareholders＇ will could be creditors＇ will in a certain situation,the former does not have to take the risk of additional debt.When transnational corporations engage in high-pollution,high environmental risk industries in the host country,limited liability system is unjust to the innocent environmental tort obligor,and the defect shows.Therefore,when investigating the environmental tort liability,disregard of corporate personality and integral liability should be considered to foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses of limited liability system,which also can perfect the environmental liability of transnational corporations.