承德市群众角膜捐献意识调查及影响因素分析

Investigation and analysis of consciousness of cornea donation in Chengde city

目的：承德市是中国北方角膜病致盲的多发城市,而供体缺乏是角膜移植开展的主要障碍。因此课题组采用调查问卷了解承德市群众角膜捐献意识现状,并分析影响因素。方法：选择承德市部分医院眼科门诊、病房患者、部分高校学生、公园、超市、车站、老年活动中心等公共场所18岁以上、户口所在地为承德市且在承德市居住1年以上普通人群3200名作为对象。这些群众基本涵盖承德市各年龄层次、各行业领域、不同文化程度。其中男性占48.60%,女性占51.40%。自行设计问卷,问卷包括一般情况、角膜捐献相关问题和影响角膜捐献因素3个方面进行调查。结果：发放问卷3200份,有效答卷2971份,有效率为92.84%。大于50%的人赞同角膜捐献,大于40%的人能够捐献角膜并且支持亲友捐献角膜。不能捐献角膜原因中,对捐献并不了解占42.81%,成为不能捐献原因中最主要因素;缺乏法律约束,担心捐献的角膜用于歧途占21.07%,成为不能捐献原因中第二位因素。性别和群众城乡来源对角膜捐献意识无影响,年龄、行业、不同文化程度对角膜捐献意识有影响,其中18~40岁人群多于40岁以上人群,医疗卫生行业者多于其他行业者,专科及专科以上文化程度者多于专科以下文化程度者。结论：承德市群众对角膜捐献持肯定、积极的态度,加强角膜捐献相关知识的社会宣传,建立通畅的捐献途径,完善角膜捐献相关的法律、法规,将会促进角膜捐献行为。

OBJECTIVE：Chengde is a city with many corneal blindness patients in north China.Lacking of corneas donation is the main reason which prevents corneal transplantation.Survey was made by questionnaire in Chengde to evaluate the current situation and the influential factors of corneal donation.METHODS：Survey was made in 3 200 Chengde residents aged 18 years or older,includes outpatients and inpatients of ophthalmology,some undergraduate students and people met accidentally in park,supermarket,station and centre for elders.48.6% are male and 51.4% are female.Self-made questionnaire includes general state,questions about cornea donation and factors influencing cornea donation.RESULTS：Among 3 200 questionnaires,2 971 were valid.The effective rate was 92.84%.Over 50% people support donating cornea.More than 40% people intend to donate their corneas and support their relatives to donate.Among the factors for not intending to donate cornea,lacking knowledge of cornea donation was the main reason accounting for 42.81%,and worrying about the misusage of donating cornea without corresponding law became the second factor,which accounting for 21.07%.It has no influence on the consciousness of cornea donation by the difference of sex and location between city and countryside.Whereas,age,profession and level of education indeed influence the consciousness of cornea donation,which of the people from 18 to 40 years old was greater than those of over 40,medical workers was greater than those from other fields,the people graduating from secondary specialized school or higher was greater than those graduating under secondary specialized school.CONCLUSION：People in Chengde have a positive attitude towards cornea donation.It is very necessary to enhance the education of cornea donation,establish an easy and smooth way for donation may promote cornea donating.Consummate legislation is also needed for cornea donation.