参与性教学法在预防艾滋病培训班中的应用

Participatory Methodology in the Workshop of HIV/AIDS Prevention

在预防和控制艾滋病的工作中，通过健康教育促使人们改变其态度和行为是最根本的干预策略，而培训是健康教育的重要组成部分。作者认为预防艾滋病健康教育培训班是通过向人们提供基本知识，帮助人们建立健康信念，改变人们对某些问题的负性态度，增强人们的防病意识和能力，减少对ＨＩＶ感染者和ＡＩＤＳ病人的歧视等方面来预防艾滋病的。这样的培训特点强调人们的参与，强调人们能将所学知识应用于实践。但由于我国传统教学方式的原因，很多培训者还不了解参与性教学法，还不能有效地在培训活动中使用这种方法。本文作者总结了自身的实践经验，在文章中介绍了参与性教学法的基本特点和基本做法，并给了一些培训班能够使用的实例。

Encouraging people change their attitude and behavior through health education is the most important for HIV/AIDS prevention, and training is a basic step of reaching this aim. We believe a successful HIV/AIDS prevention training should not provide basic knowledge only, and increasing people's understanding of the social issue, and decreasing negative attitude and discrimiation to the people living with HIV/AIDS as well. Obviously, traditional teaching method is not enough for these, we should consider to change method so that people can use knowledge in their life after training. We have run many workshops during recent years, in these workshops, we used participatory method, we feel it is an effective way that help people change attitude and behavior. However, as participatory method is quite new in China, people are lack of sufficient realization and skill of participatory method, so they can not use them effectively. In order to let more people understand participatory method and use it, This paper introduced basic points of the methodology, authors' experience and some practice samples.