吸烟对不同公共场所细颗粒物浓度影响

Effects of smoking on level of indoor fine particles in different types of public place

目的了解吸烟所致的公共场所细颗粒物(PM2.5)的污染水平,评估以PM2.5为指标定量监测公共场所吸烟状况的可行性。方法采用AM510型细颗粒物监测仪,监测辖区内洗浴、餐饮、歌厅、网吧4类共计20家公共场所室内PM2.5的质量浓度,分析公共场所吸烟对室内PM2.5的影响。结果公共场所室内吸烟时PM2.5平均浓度为(435.7±471.9)μg/m3,无吸烟时为(220.6±205.5)μg/m3,2者差异有统计学意义(Z=-7.348,P<0.001)。不同吸烟比例各组间,公共场所室内PM2.5平均浓度差异有统计学意义(χ2=271.447,P<0.001),并与吸烟比例呈正相关(r=0.754,F=23.708,P<0.001)。公共场所室内PM2.5平均浓度通风较差(通风评分≤2)时为(515.9±441.2)μg/m3,通风较好(通风评分>2)时为(115.9±84.7)μg/m3,2者差异有统计学意义(Z=-19.791,P<0.001),且在吸烟与不吸烟时差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。无论通风状况如何,洗浴、餐厅和歌厅的室内PM2.5平均浓度吸烟时均明显高于不吸烟时(P<0.05)。结论吸烟可致公共场所PM2.5浓度明显增高,室内PM2.5的浓度能较灵敏地反映公共场所的吸烟污染状况。

Objective To study the level of fine particulate matter（PM2.5） from smoking in public place and to evaluate the feasibility of PM2.5 to be used as an index for monitoring smoking quantificationally.Methods TSI Sidepak AM510 was used to measure the concentration of PM2.5 in four types of public place such as rest room in bath center,restaurant,karaoke bar,and cyber cafe in Tongzhou district,Beijing.The data was collected and the relation between smoking and indoor PM2.5 concentration in public place was analyzed.Results The average concentration of indoor PM2.5 in public places with and without smoking was 435.7±471.9,220.6±205.5 μg/m^3,respectively,and there was a significant difference between them（Z=-7.348,P〈0.001）.Furthermore,there were remarkable differences between the average concentration of indoor PM2.5 of the different smoking levels（χ~2=271.447,P〈0.001）.The average concentration of indoor PM2.5 was positively related to the ratio of smokers（r=0.754,F=23.708,P〈0.001）.When ventilation（score≤2） was relatively bad,the average concentration of indoor PM2.5 was 515.9±441.2 μg/m^3,and when the ventilation score2,the concentration was 115.9±84.7 μg/m^3（Z=-19.791,P〈0.001）.The difference between them had statistical significance,and the difference was found both at places with and without smoking（P〈0.001）.No matter how the ventilation was,the average concentrations of indoor PM2.5 in the place with smoking were all obviously higher than that of without smoking（P〈0.05）.Conclusion Smoking could increase the concentration of indoor PM2.5 in public places and the average concentration of PM2.5 may reflect indoor air pollution from smoking in public place.