世界炼油工业二氧化碳减排进展

Advances in CO_2 Emission Reduction in Global Refining Industry

《京都议定书》的生效和哥本哈根全球气候峰会的召开对高能耗高排放的炼油工业的发展产生了很大影响,环保问题尤其是二氧化碳排放将成为决定炼厂能否可持续发展的重要因素。炼厂中二氧化碳排放源比较分散,提供热能、蒸汽和电力的过程会大量排放二氧化碳,制氢过程也是二氧化碳的主要来源。加热炉是炼厂二氧化碳最大的排放源,而催化裂化、制氢等是炼厂主要的高排放装置。不同燃料对炼厂二氧化碳排放的影响也有很大差别,其中排放量最多的是焦炭,最少的是天然气。此外原油质量和产品分布也会影响二氧化碳排放。为保证长期持续的竞争力,国际大石油公司已经开始积极制定减排战略,并在炼厂中采取措施应对二氧化碳排放。这些措施包括提高装置能效、投资可再生能源和开展CCS项目等。我国对CCS技术的发展给予了高度重视。我国炼油工业应积极转变经济增长方式,加快开发自身减排潜力,统筹制定二氧化碳减排战略,积极主动应对温室气体减排压力。

The Kyoto Protocol and the Copenhagen climate conference have had a significant influence on the energy-intensive and high-emission oil refining industry.Environmental issues,particularly the emission of carbon dioxide,will become important factors determining whether or not a refinery can sustain its growth.The carbon dioxide emission sources of a refinery are typically widely distributed and large amounts of carbon dioxide will be emitted in the processes of supplying heat,steam and electricity.Another major source of carbon dioxide is the hydrogen production process.Heating furnaces are the biggest sources of carbon dioxide in a refinery and catalytic crackers and hydrogen generators are the main high-emission units.The types of fuels have a significant influence on the carbon dioxide emissions of a refinery.Coke produces the most carbondioxide and natural gas produces the least.Other contributing factors to carbon dioxide emission include the quality of crude oil and product distribution.To maintain long-term competitiveness,major international oil companies have moved to formulate emission reduction strategies and take measures to deal with carbon dioxide emissions,including raising the energy efficiency of units ,investing in renewable energy and engaging in CCS projects.The Chinese government has placed a high value on the development of CCS technology.The Chinese refining industry should be more active in changing the ping of its potential for reducing emissions,work out an overall and take aggressive measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. mode of economic growth carbon dioxide emission ,quicken the tapreduction strategy and take aggressive measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.