实验性糖尿病大鼠涎腺超微结构观察

The ultrastructure study on the salivary glands in experimental diabetes rats

目的观察糖尿病大鼠腮腺、颌下腺、舌下腺超微结构变化。方法雄性Wistar大鼠20只,随机分对照组和实验组,各10只。实验组:腹腔注射四氧嘧啶制作糖尿病大鼠模型;对照组:正常饲养。动物模型建成后第8周时称重并测定各组大鼠空腹血糖,然后取材制片,应用透射电镜观察大鼠腮腺、颌下腺、舌下腺超微结构变化。结果建模后第8周时对照组大鼠体重(282.40±14.00)g,血糖(5.50±0.40)mmol/L;实验组大鼠体重(148.45±8.45)g,血糖(25.20±4.10)mmol/L,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组大鼠腮腺细胞细胞核轮廓不规则,线粒体肿胀,粗面内质网扩张;颌下腺细胞细胞核固缩,线粒体出现空泡变性、嵴断裂;舌下腺细胞未见明显改变。结论糖尿病可导致腮腺和颌下腺分泌功能受损而出现口干症状,但未影响舌下腺功能,舌下腺可能起到一定的代偿作用。

Objective To observe the ultrastructure changes in three salivary glands—the parotid,the submandibular gland and the sublingual gland of alloxan diabetes rats.Methods Masculinity Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group and the experiment group,10 rats per group.The diabetes rats model was induced by injection of alloxan into peritoneal cavity.After 8 weeks,observe the ultrastructures with transmission election microscope（TEM）.Results After 8 weeks,the average weight of rats in the control group was（282.40 ± 14.00）g,and the average blood sugar is（5.50 ± 0.40）mmol/L.In the experiment group,the average weight of the rats was（148.45 ± 8.45）,and the average blood sugar was（25.20 ± 4.10）mmol/L.The differences were significant（P0.05）.In contrast with the rats in the control group,after 8 weeks,the ultrastructures of rats＇ parotids and submandibular glands in the experiment group were serious.The contour of the karyon in parotid cells was irregular,and the rough endoplasmic reticula expanded.The karyon of submandibular gland cells appeared pyknosis,the mitochondria exhibited vacuole degeneration and the crista broke.But there was not any change with the sublingual glands.Conclusion The function of parotids and submandibular glands will be effected in the diabetes status,but there won＇t be any evident changes in sublingual glands.