不同林分枯落物水文效应和地表糙率系数研究

Hydrological Effects of Littet on Different Forest Stands and Study about Surface Roughness Coefficient

试验在庞泉沟国家自然保护区内进行,以撂荒地为对照,分析了3种不同林分下枯落物的现存量、持水能力、阻滞径流速率、减沙减流效应和林地糙率系数。结果表明:①油松枯落物的现存总量最大,达到18.62t/hm2,最大持水能力为56.20t/hm2,有效拦蓄深为3.40mm;华北落叶松枯落物的现存总量为16.29t/hm2,最大持水能力为50.8t/hm2,有效拦蓄量为2.98mm;辽东栎的现存总量为11.06t/hm2,最大持水能力为37.30t/hm2,有效拦蓄量为2.44mm;②放水试验结果表明,3种林分枯落物阻滞径流速率明显,又以辽东栎效果最大;林下枯落物的减沙减流作用显著。油松、华北落叶松和辽东栎分别比对照撂荒地减少径流量8837,6773,12610g;减少泥沙量1369,1317,1425g。减沙减流效果显著。③与撂荒地相比,枯落物的存在明显增加了地表糙率n值。油松、华北落叶松和辽东栎的n值分别为0.045,0.068,0.101,而撂荒地的n值仅为0.019。林地内枯落物有效增加地表糙率,深刻地影响着林地径流速率、产流量、产沙量和土壤下渗。为此保护林地内枯落物意义重大。

This experiment was engaged in the Pangquangou national nature reserve,the hydrological effects of litter on different forest stands were studied at the same time,the surface roughness coefficient was researched in the different surface.The results showed：（1）The total storage capacity and the maximum water capacity and the modified interception amount of the Pinus tabulaeformis are 18.62 t/hm^2,56.20 t/hm^2,3.40 mm respectively;the total storage capacity and the maximum water capacity and the modified interception amount of the Larix principis-rupprechtiiare 16.29 t/hm^2,50.8 t/hm^2,2.98 mm respectively,the total storage capacity and the maximum water capacity and the modified interception amount of the Quercus liaotungensis are 11.06 t/hm^2,37.30 t/hm^2,2.44 mm respectively.（2）It is evident for 3 different litters to reduce the amount of runoff and sediment.（3）Compared with the wasteland,different litters increase the surface roughness coefficient which get 0.045,0.068,0.101.The surface roughness coefficient greatly influences the runoff ratio,the amount of the runoff and the sediment,and the infiltration ratio.It is significant to preserve the litters in different forest stands.