长江、汉江水源水及其自来水中有机物生物毒性的比较

Comparison of the biotoxicity of organic compounds in source and tap water from the Yangtze and Han River

应用XAD-2大孔树脂对长江、汉江(武汉)水源水及其自来水水样中的有机物进行吸附和富集,经洗脱、浓缩、干燥,提取其非挥发性有机物(NVOCs),通过致突变试验(Amestest)和重组酵母雌激素测评试验(YES)分别检测其致突变性与类雌激素效应.结果显示,2008年平水期,水中NVOCs除了长江出厂水对TA98(+S9)的致突变性检测结果为阴性外,其他水样均为阳性;丰水期除长江水源水外,其他水样对TA98的致突变性为阳性;枯水期在不加S9的条件下,仅长江出厂水、管网末梢水对TA98的致突变性为阳性,其余水样均为阴性.各水样的NVOCs对TA100(±S9)的结果均为阴性.平水期长江、汉江水源水和枯水期长江水源水中的NVOCs均可检出类雌激素效应,丰水期水源水以及各水文期自来水中的NVOCs未显类雌激素效应.2007～2009年不同水文期长江和汉江自来水中NVOCs的致突变比活性均高于水源水;长江、汉江各水样中具有致突变作用的有机物主要为移码型直接致突变物.长江水源水NVOCs的类雌激素效应高于汉江,经自来水厂处理后的出厂水以及管网末梢水中的NVOCs未检出类雌激素效应.

The nonvolatile organic compounds（NVOCs） in samples of the source water and tap water from the Yangtze and Han River in Wuhan were absorbed by XAD-2 resin and eluted sequentially with dichloromethane followed by acetone.After evaporation to dryness,the mutagenic and estrogenic activity of the extracts were detected and compared by Ames test and YES.The results showed in normal flow period in 2008,the NVOCs of finished water of Yangtze River was negative to TA98 with S9.The other water samples were positive whether with or without S9.In high flow period,each water sample were positive to TA98 with or without S9 except the source water of Yangtze River.In low flow period,only the finished water and the terminal tap water of Yangtze River were positive to TA98 without S9.Each water sample from different hydroperiods was negative to TA100 with or without S9.Both the NVOCs in source water of the Yangtze River and the Han River showed the estrogenic activity in normal flow period and the estrogenic activity of Yangtze River was higher than Han River.No water sample showed estrogenic activity in high flow period while in low flow period only source water of Yangtze River presented the estrogenic activity.The mutagenicity of the tap water was higher than that of source water in Yangtze and Han River.The Ames results showed that the mutagenicity of Han River was higher than that of Yangtze River and the NVOCs mainly contained frameshift mutagens.The estrogenic activity of NVOCs was only found in some source water and it became negative after treated by the routine process of water works.