人居生态环境评价中的生态辐射模型研究——以深圳市龙岗区为例

Ecological radiation model research in human settlement ecological environment assessment:a case study of Longgang District of Shenzhen City

当前研究者往往是把生态用地质量评价同人居环境质量评价各自分隔开来进行研究,而没能很好的把二者结合起来.本研究将生态辐射的概念引入人居生态环境评价中,利用GIS技术构建了生态辐射模型,并以深圳市龙岗区为例进行了分析.在生态辐射模型中将城市用地分为生态用地和建设用地两类,以建设用地作为人居用地来进行研究.对不同大小的生态用地斑块提出不同的服务半径,作为生态用地的辐射范围,其大小决定于生态用地的斑块大小和土地类型.模型计算结果显示,生态用地分布较为均匀的坪地街道,其森林覆盖率虽然比大鹏街道要低,但生态辐射强度值却略高于后者,这说明本研究建立的生态辐射模型有一定的合理性,能够反映生态用地分布均匀程度对人居环境的影响,为人居生态环境研究提供了新的思路.

The concept of ecological radiation was proposed first time in this study for ecological environmental assessment of human settlement.The GIS technology was used to develop the ecological radiation model（ERM）.The urban land was classified into two categories in ERM,including ecological land and construction land.The construction land was viewed as human settlement in the current study.The ecological radiation extension of each land depends on its size and type and the land type was treated as weights in the model.According to the ecological urban construction theory and practical application examples,the ecological land with various sizes has different extension of ecological service,which is represented as radius in ERM.The Longgang District of Shenzhen City was taken as a case study to demonstrate the application of the proposed model.The ERM results showed that the developed model could reflect the effects of ecological land patterns to human settlement and,thereby,provides a new method for ecological environmental assessment of human settlement.