国外公共图书馆弱势群体服务的发展研究(二)

Research of Development of Services for Vulnerable Groups in Foreign Public Library(2)

本文综述了国外(主要以英国和美国为主)公共图书馆弱势群体服务发展的百余年历史,主要分为五个阶段分析论述,即19世纪末到20世纪30年代为工人阶级服务及向其他特殊人群延伸服务阶段;1940-1950年代福利国家背景下普遍服务阶段;1960-1980年代社区图书馆运动背景下弱势群体服务高涨阶段;1980-1990年代市场化和私有化背景下弱势群体服务衰落阶段;1997年至今反社会排斥、促进社会包容和谐背景下弱势群体服务复兴和持续阶段。每个历史阶段都考察了如下问题:(1)时代背景(政治、经济、社会发展状况)对公共图书馆弱势群体服务开展的影响;(2)在当时历史条件下,面向弱势群体的图书馆服务所采取的服务模式、针对的主要人群以及服务内容等;(3)服务背后蕴含的职业理念、价值观及其局限。

In this paper an overview of the foreign（mainly United Kingdom and the United States-based）public library service development for vulnerable groups,over a hundred years of history can be divided into five stages analyzed and discussed,namely,the late 19th century to the 1930s of the 20th century is a stage of services for working-class and other special populations;1940-1950s is a stage of universal service against the background of the welfare countries;1960-1980s is a stage of rising services for vulnerable groups against the background of community library movement;1980-1990s is the decline stage of services for vulnerable groups against the background of market and privatization ;1997-present is a stage of resurgence and continuity of services for vulnerable groups against the background to combat the social exclusion and promote the context and harmonious.Each historical stage investigates the following problems：（1）influence of historical background（political,economic and social development）to public library service for vulnerable groups;（2）the service model,the main population and service content of library services for vulnerable groups under the historical conditions at that time ;（3）the occupational concept,values and their limitations to contain in the library services.Service contains career behind the philosophy,values and their limitations.