理念化、生活世界与先验生活——论胡塞尔的“理念谱系学”

Idealization,Lifeworld and Transcendental Life——A Study of Husserl's Genealogy of Idea

自柏拉图以来,理念在西方哲学中一直被认为是本原与根据。但胡塞尔认为,理念并不是最终的本原,它有自己的起源。理念首先是一种独特的思想活动——"理念化"(Idealisierung)——的构造成就;而理念化又必须在生活世界的基础上才能发生,其所构造的理念之意义最终也必须要回溯到生活世界才能被理解。但另一方面,通过现象学的还原,胡塞尔又表明生活世界也并不是最终的本原和根据,相反,它乃是先验生活的构造成就。胡塞尔揭示出,先验生活才是构造一切意义的最终源泉,因而也是理念得以产生的最终本原。从理念回溯到作为其直接起源的理念化活动,再从理念化活动回溯到作为其基础的生活世界,然后从生活世界回溯到作为最终根据的先验生活,这样一个对于理念之"谱系"层层回溯的过程,即构成了胡塞尔的"理念谱系学"。

From Plato, idea is always regarded as origin and principle in Western philosophy. According to Husserl, however, idea is not the ultimate origin. Idea has its own origin which is idealization as a special thinking act, and the idealization is possible only on the basis of the lifeworld. On the oth- er hand, through the phenomenological reduction, Husserl shows that the tifeworld is also not the ultimate origin or ground, it is the constituted achievement of the transcendental life. So Husserl discloses that only the transcendental life is the ultimate origin constituting any meaning and any idea. From idea to idealization as its immediate origin, from idealization to its basis, that is lifeworld, lastly, from lifeworld to transcendental life as ultimate origin this process of tracing the ultimate origin of idea constitutes Husserl＇s genealogy of idea.