摘要
蒙古地区的城市文明虽然出现较早,但由于受高原、沙漠、干旱等自然地理环境的影响,受较为落后的生产力和生产方式以及游牧为主的生活方式制约,蒙古地区的城市相对于内地发展较为迟缓,特别是在元末明初的战争中,大多数城市遭到破坏,故而当代内蒙古地区和蒙古共和国最重要的城市基本上都是在清代建立的。清中期以来,清王朝为加强对外蒙古地区的统治,采取了一系列强有力的政治、军事措施,国家安全战略的实施推动了外蒙古地区城市的兴起与发展;在内蒙古地区,清王朝则采取较为宽松的民族融合政策,促进汉蒙贸易发展,允许人口流动,从而对内蒙古地区城市发展起了重要的推动作用。与内地相比,清代蒙古地区的城市发展迟滞,规模较小,缺乏产业支撑,聚集力和辐射力都较弱,城市分布稀疏,城市与城市之间的距离较远;但从总体上说,这些城市的兴起和发展,对于20世纪以来蒙古地区经济、社会发展有着重要意义并产生了深远影响。
The city civilization of Mongolian district emerges early, but its development is somewhat slow as compared with the inner lands, owing to the influence of natural geological environment, such as highland, sand and drought, and the restriction of comparatively backward means and ways of production, as well as the way of nomadic life. Most of its cities are ruined especially in the wars in late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties. Ever since the middle period of Qing Dynasty, the throne took a series of strong political and military policies. The strategy of national security promoted the thriving znd development of inner and outer Mongol. In inner Mongolia, the Qing Dynasty adopted favorable policy of national merge and promoted trade, allowed free immigration, thus promoted the development of cities in this area.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第4期134-141,共8页
Academic Monthly
基金
国家社科基金重大项目"国家<清史>工程‘城市志’"的阶段成果
关键词
外蒙古
内蒙古
城市
国家战略
民族政策
outer Mongol, inner Mongol, city, state strategy, ethnic policy