摘要
There have been three types of mainstream discourse relating to public understanding of women＇s employment since the founding of the People＇s Republic of China in 1949. The first was the ＂revolutionary discourse＂ that dominated the era of the planned economy. During this period, knowledge about women＇s employment was heavily influenced by revolutionary discourse, and women were mobilized to take up positions in virtually all areas of social life. The second occurred in the transition from a planned to a market economy. During this process, knowledge of women＇s employment was constructed by a so-called ＂quality discourse,＂ which depressed women＇s wages in the course of driving them back into the home. The third important mode of discourse took place in the era of marketization, and saw knowledge about women＇s employment constructed by male-centered hegemonic discourse in an organic union between the market economy and the patriarchal system. Meanwhile, female subjectivity in regard to knowledge about women＇s employment is taking shape. At the same time, women＇s sense of autonomy in relation to understanding of employment has started to grow and exhibits self-awareness and use of the discourse of human rights.
1949年后在妇女就业知识上存在着三种主流话语。一是计划经济时代，妇女就业知识以“革命话语”来叙述，实现了对妇女参加公共领域劳动的动员；二是从计划经济向市场经济转型的过程，妇女就业知识是以“素质话语”被叙述的，其在力图将妇女推回家庭领域的过程中压低了女性劳动力的价格；三是市场化时代，妇女就业知识以“男性强势话语”被表述，显示了市场经济与父权制的有机结合。与此同时，有关妇女就业知识的女性主体性也在形成，它显示出女性自主意识及其对人权话语的使用。
