白芥子挥发油提取工艺优化及其化学成分鉴定

Optimizing extraction process of volatile oil from Semen Sinapis Albae and analyzing its chemical components

目的:优化白芥子挥发油提取工艺,并对其化学成分进行鉴定。方法:应用L9(34)正交试验优化白芥子挥发油的提取工艺,并以气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)联用法分析其化学成分。结果:缓冲液pH值、抗坏血酸浓度对白芥子挥发油得率的影响达到了极显著水平,水解温度对得率的影响也达到了显著水平,影响程度从大到小依次是缓冲液pH值>抗坏血酸浓度>水解温度;GC-MS联用共分离出10个峰,鉴定出7种成分,占挥发油总量的99.999%,主要组成为异硫氰酸烯丙酯(89.411%)、异硫氰酸-3-丁烯酯(7.364%)、3-丁烯腈(1.275%)。结论:最佳提取条件为水解温度50℃、缓冲液pH值为5.0、抗坏血酸浓度为0.5mmol/L,挥发油提取率可达0.164%,且此工艺稳定可行。所提取的白芥子挥发油中大部分为异硫氰酸盐类,并含有少量醛类、醚类和腈类物质。

Objective：To optimize the extraction process of the volatile oil from Semen Sinapis Albae by orthogonal test,and analyze the chemical components of the volatile oil.Methods：The optimum extraction condition was investigated by the orthogonal design L9（34）,and the chemical components of the volatile oil were analyzed by GC-MS.Results：The influence of the pH value of buffer solution and the concentration of ascorbic acid was significantly,and the inuence of the hydrolysis temperature was also obviously（from great to little）：the pH value of buffer solution the concentration of ascorbic acid the hydrolysis temperature.7 Components had been identified from 10 separated peaks,these accounted for 99.999% of the total volatile oil.The main components were Allyl isothiocyannte（89.411%）,3-Butenyl isothiocyanate（7.364%） and 3-Butenenitrile（1.275%）.Conclusion：The optimum extraction conditions were：hydrolysis temperature 50,pH value of buffer solution 5.0,concentration of ascorbic acid 0.5mmol/L.The yield rate of the volatile oil of this process can reach 0.164%,and this process was stable and feasible;the main components of the volatile oil were isothiocyanates,and the volatile oil also contained a small amount of aldehydes,ethers and nitriles.