依间接证据认定协同行为的证明结构

Proof of Concerted Action by means of Circumstantial Evidence

作为垄断协议的一种"高级"形式——协同行为,其在实施中往往不会遗留直接证据。如何利用间接证据来证明公司间的价格行为属于协同行为成为现代各国反垄断机构的挑战性的课题。利用欧美等国家(地区)的相关判例,并借助于间接证据的特殊分类及在分类证据组合上的特殊性来推定某些行为属于卡特尔,是解决这一难题的有效方法。

An ＂advanced ＂ form of monopoly agreements-＂concerted action＂ does not provide much direct evidence of its implementation. How to use circumstantial evidence to prove acts of price monopoly between companies by ＂concerted actions＂ is a challenge to all countries＇ anti-monopoly agencies. One effective way to solve this problem is to presume some actions to be concerted in nature, drawing upon the cases and practices from the United States and Europe, and utilizing specialized circumstantial evidence in the investigation of such cases.