日本研发产业的空间集聚与影响因素分析

Spatial Agglomeration and Influencing Factors of Japanese R&D Industry

利用统计数据考察日本国内3302家R&D企业的空间分布和集聚现象,发现日本的R&D企业高度集中在三大都市:东京都、大阪府和名古屋市;东京都的R&D企业多属于接近公司总部型,名古屋市的R&D企业则多属于接近工厂型,大阪府的R&D企业则介于总部型+工厂型之间。三大都市的研发产业结构与当地的优势行业基本一致。本文结合美、欧、日等国家关于产业集聚研究的理论和实践,概括总结了日本研发产业集聚的时空过程、驱动力量和影响因素。经济发展周期和产业结构在一定程度上决定了日本研发产业集聚的形成。而在日本研发产业发展的过程中,政策驱动和市场驱动起到了重要作用。政府政策尤其是政府在营建产学合作网络以及区域创新环境方面,极大地激励了日本研发产业的集聚和发展,以大型企业为代表的企业研发机构成为近年来日本研发产业集聚的重要力量。

Spatial distribution and clustering phenomenon of Japanese domestic RD enterprises are examined in this paper by the related statistical data of 3302 RD enterprises.It is found that most of the Japanese RD enterprises are concentrated in three districts：Tokyo Metropolis,Osaka Prefecture and Nagoya.Among them,most of the RD companies in Tokyo Metropolis are located close to the headquarters;most RD companies in Nagoya are close to the production plants;as for the RD enterprises in Osaka Prefecture,some RD enterprises are located close to the headquarters,while some others are located near the production plants.And also the RD industrial structure in the three districts is basically consistent with the local leading industries.On the basis of theory and practice of the related industrial agglomeration in the USA,Europe,Japan and other countries,this paper studies the spatial-temporal process,influencing factors and driving forces of Japanese RD industrial agglomeration.Economic development cycle and industrial structure determine the formation of Japanese RD industrial agglomeration to a certain extent.However policies and market driven impetus play a critical role in the development of Japanese RD industry.Especially Japanese government established industry-university co-operation network and regional innovation network,which has greatly promoted the development and agglomeration of Japanese RD industry.Enterprises-based RD institutes,particularly those in a large scale have become key point and impetus in the process of development and agglomeration of Japanese RD industry.