吸入麻醉药相关的儿童苏醒期谵妄和躁动

Inhalation anesthetic related emergence delirium and agitation in children

短效吸入麻醉药异氟醚、七氟醚、地氟醚等已广泛用于儿童疾病诊断及手术操作,然而接受吸入麻醉的儿童在麻醉苏醒期常会出现吸入麻醉药相关的苏醒期谵妄(emergence delirium,ED)和躁动(emergence agitation,EA)。儿童出现ED/EA时,易对身体造成伤害,增加医护人员工作量,引起了临床医师的广泛关注。文中就吸入麻醉药相关的ED/EA的定义、发生率、影响因素、评估方法、预防等方面作一综述。

Isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane are widely used as short-acting inhaled anesthetics for pediatric diagnostic and surgical procedures. However, children recovered from inhalation anesthesia often experience emergence delirium （ED） or emergence agitation （EA） upon emergency. The occurrence of ED/EA in children, which is often associated with a higher incidence of self-injury and an increased workload of caregivers, has aroused much attention of clinicians. This article reviews the definition, incidence, causes, assessment methods and prophylactics of ED/EA.