马克思恩格斯论歌德和席勒

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels's Views on Goethe and Schiller

歌德和席勒同是18世纪德国狂飙运动的主将和启蒙主义文学的代表,被公认为德国文学史上的双子星座。马克思、恩格斯在他们的有关文章和书信中谈论过这两位伟大的作家,其主要内容:一是用美学的和历史的观点精辟地论述了歌德世界观和创作的两重性;二是明确肯定席勒的早期创作《强盗》和《阴谋与爱情》的意义和价值,指出前者"歌颂一个向全社会公开宣战的豪侠青年",后者是"德国第一部有政治倾向的戏剧"。同时对"席勒式"的唯心主义的观念化的创作倾向进行了批评,提出了要"莎士比亚化"不要"席勒式"两种不同的美学范式。

Goethe and Schiller were both Leading German 18th - century dramatists, poets, and literary theorists. In their writings and correspondences, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels discussed the two great writers as follows ： Goethe＇ s dual character in his world outlook and writing ; the significance and value of Schiller＇ s early 2 writings, The Robbers which extols a bold youth who dares to challenge the whole society, and Kabale Und Liebe, which is the first playwright with political inclination. And at the same time, criticizes Schiller - style idealism writing. They put forward that Shakespeare- style is required in writing.