贵州大水洞和马狼洞内动物群落结构与部分环境因子的相关性研究

Correlation between the animal community structure and environmental factors in Dashui cave and Malang cave of Guizhou Province

2008年8月对贵阳市的大水洞和贵定县的马狼洞内动物进行了调查,共获动物标本3314号,其中大水洞1467号,隶属3门7纲11目20科26种(或类群);马狼洞1847号,隶属4门9纲16目35科55种(或类群)。两洞内由6个动物群落组成,经群落多样性分析,物种丰富度指数、群落多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数最高的分别是群落D(6.4811)、群落B(2.6364)、群落E(0.8793)和群落D(0.5420)。通过对群落多样性与部分环境因子的相关性分析,结果显示群落最大多样性指数与湿度和氮气均呈显著负相关,相关系数为-0.857和-0.998,与磷呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.832;优势度指数与磷呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.833;CO2与物种数、物种丰富度、群落最大多样性指数和优势度指数均呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.552、-0.070、-0.570和-0.510,其相关性虽然都未达到显著以上水平,但说明对物种和群落多样性有负面影响,可以说是影响群落多样性变化的主流因子之一。

Cave animals were observed and collected in Dashui cave of Guiyang City and Malang cave of Guiding County on August 2008.3314 samples were collected, belonging to 3 phyla, 7 classes, 11 orders,20 families and 26 groups in Dashui cave and 4 phyla, 9 classes, 16 orders,35 families and 55 groups in Malang cave. There were 6 animal communities in Dashui cave and Malang cave. According to the analysis of community diversity, the communities with the highest values of species richness , community diversity , evenness and dominance were D （ 6.481 1 ）, B （ 2. 636 4 ）, E （0. 879 3 ） and D （0. 542 0） respectively. Through analyzing the relativity between community diversity and environmental factors ,the results showed that the biggest diversity of community had significant negative correlation with humidity （ - 0. 857 ） and N2 （ - 0. 998 ）, and significant positive correlation with P （0. 832 ）. Dominance index had significant positive correlation with P（0.833）. Species, species richness, the biggest diversity of community index and dominance index had negative correlation with CO2, which were -0.552, -0. 070, -0. 570 and -0.510 respectively. Although their values of correlation did not meet significant standards, CO2 had negative effects on species and community diversity . There- fore, CO2 was one of the primary factors that influence change of animal community diversity in two caves.