塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地大气气溶胶散射特征研究

Aerosol Scattering Properties in the Hinterland of Taklimakan Desert

利用沙漠腹地塔中气象站积分浊度计的2004年观测资料,结合同期PM10质量浓度、能见度和常规气象资料,分析了塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地气溶胶散射系数的变化特征,以及气溶胶散射系数与PM10质量浓度、能见度的关系。研究表明,2004年塔中气溶胶散射系数、PM10质量浓度、能见度日平均值分别为124.74±187.30 Mm-1,538.9±841.7μg.m-3,12 748±7 274 m。塔中气溶胶散射系数小时平均值出现频率最高的区间主要在100 Mm-1以下,中午气溶胶散射系数小,早晚气溶胶散射系数大;冬春两季的凌晨空气中含有较多的粒子,气溶胶散射系数较大;气溶胶散射系数小时平均值与PM10质量浓度变化规律基本一致,2004年1—6月的气溶胶质量散射系数平均值为0.37 m2.g-1;散射系数与能见度日平均值非线性相关较好,两者呈负幂函数关系。

The aerosol scattering proterties in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert was continuously observed by integrating Nephelometer in 2004, which in combining with the data of mass concentration of PM10, the visibility and the routine weather observation, the seasonal and daily variation features of aerosol scattering coefficients and its correlation with the PM10 and the visibility were analyzed. The results indicate that the hourly mean aerosol scattering coefficient, the mean mass concentration of PM10, and the mean visibility at TaZhong in 2004 were 124.74±187.30 Mm^-1, 538.9±841.7 μg.m^-3 ,and 12 748±7 274 m, respectively. The maximum frequency distribution of the hourly mean scattering coefficient is below 100 Mm-1, and the aerosol scattering coefficient is higher in the morning and evening, while it is lower at noon during a day. There are more particles in the air in the wee hours in winter and spring, so the aerosol scattering coefficients are more higher; The variations of the hourly mean aerosol scattering coefficient and the mass concentration of PM10 are consistent. The daily mean aerosol scattering coefficients and the visibility are significantly correlated, and their relationship might be described by a negative power function.