杂交对定远母猪饲料养分消化率的影响

Effects of crossing on nutrient digestibilities in Dingyuan sows

研究不同遗传背景杂交猪对饲料养分的消化率及其杂种优势,为商品猪的杂交生产、日粮配方制订和科学管理提供依据。供试猪来自定远猪、杜洛克、杜洛克(公)与定远猪杂交1代和级进2代的2岁左右种猪,各4母(妊娠后期)2公,单圈饲养;连续3 d收集试验期供试猪的粪样和饲料样品,并检测这些样品中的相关养分含量,使用盐酸不溶灰分作为指示剂,计算供试猪对饲料养分的消化率;分析消化率的杂种优势。公猪对饲料中的能量、粗蛋白质、粗纤维、无氮浸出物、粗灰分和磷的消化率分别比母猪提高6.31%、10.19%、36.94%、4.01%和26.10%(P<0.01)和8.04%(P<0.05),而对粗脂肪和钙的消化率与母猪之间无显著差异(P>0.05);不同土血比例和杂合系数之间的消化率无显著差异(P>0.05),但消化率与不同土血比例及杂合系数之间的相关性达到显著水平(P<0.01)。钙、磷、粗脂肪和粗纤维的消化率杂种优势分别达到19.14%、9.18%、6.09%和4.01%,并且杂交1代的消化率杂种优势要高于级进2代;而总能、粗蛋白、无氮浸出物和粗灰分的消化率具有杂种劣势(-0.5^-2.5%)。猪对饲料养分的消化率存在明显的杂种优势,商品杂交猪(尤其含有中国猪血液的)在日粮配制时更应注重日粮钙、磷、粗脂肪和粗纤维的水平。

The nutrient digestibility and its heterosis of hybrid pigs with different Dingyuan genes proportion（Ng） were estimated for scientific production and diet formula of hybrid pigs.Twenty-four testing sows about 2-year-old,16 sows in late pregnancy and 8 boars,were from Dingyuan,Duroc,Duroc（male）×Dingyuan（G1） and backcross Duroc×G1（G2）,respectively.The dejecta and diets of all pigs fed in single pen were sampled for consecutive 3-day in trial period,and the nutrient contents in fecal and diet samples were detected.Using acid insoluble ash（AIA） for indicator of feed digestibility,the nutrient digestibilities were calculated.The heterosis of nutrient digestibility was analyzed.The digestibilities in boars increased by 6.31%,10.19%,36.94%,4.01%,26.10%（P0.01） and 8.04%（P0.05） for total energy,crude protein,crude fiber,NFE,crude ash and phosphorus compared with that in sows,respectively,and no significant difference（P0.05） on crude fat and calcium.The digestibilities in hybrids with different Ng and Hc no-significantly difference（P0.05）,but the regression of digestibility with Ng and Hc was significant（P0.01）.Heterosises of digestibilities were 19.14%,9.18%,6.09% and 4.01% for calcium,phosphorus,crude fat and crude fiber,respectively,and the heterosis in G1 was higher than that in G2,but heterosises of digestibilities of total energy,crude protein,NFE and crude ash were lower about-0.5 ^-2.5%.In conclusion,the heterosis of nutrient digestibility indicated that the level of dietary nutrient should be reasonable for nutritional requirements in hybrid pigs with Chinese swine genes,especially in calcium,phosphorus,crude fat and crude fiber.