不同年龄橡胶树胶乳矿质养分的流失

Loss of Mineral Elements in Latex from Rubber Trees at Various Ages

以开割橡胶无性系PR107为材料,研究2a中不同月份8个年龄段(6～28a)的橡胶树干胶中矿质养分N、P、K、Ca、Mg的含量及流失情况,同时分析了树龄及不同季节对橡胶树胶乳养分流失量的影响。结果表明:(1)在一年中的不同季节,不同树龄PR107胶乳中矿质养分含量及流失总量大小顺序为:N>K>P>Mg>Ca。其中,N素平均流失量在15.19(8a)～41.28(22a)g/株/a;P素平均流失量为3.11(6a)～8.90(22a)g/株/a;K素平均流失量为10.09(8a)～28.40(22a)g/株/a;Ca素平均流失量为0.246(8a)～0.720(22a)g/株/a;Mg素平均流失量为1.68(6a)～5.49(22a)g/株/a。(2)季节因素和橡胶树年龄对胶乳矿质养分的流失具有极显著的影响。橡胶树年龄不同,或在一年中的不同季节,胶乳中矿质元素百分含量和干胶产量均不同,最终导致胶乳中矿质元素的流失量存在差异。

The loss of mineral elements（N, P, K, Ca and Mg） in the latex of rubber trees（Hevea brassiliensis） of the clone PR107 at different ages from 2 to 28 years were determined in two years, and the effect of tree age and seasonal factors on the loss of mineral elements from the latex were analyzed. The loss of mineral elements from the latex of the rubber trees at different ages increased in various seasons of a year in the order of NKPMgCa. The constant ranking is due to the specific characteristics of each mineral element and also to its physiological function in rubber trees. Of the nutrient loss from the latex the loss of N, P, K, Ca and Mg was 15.19（8a）～41.28（22a） g/tree per year, 3.11（6a）～8.90（22a） g/tree per year, 10.09 （8a）～28.40（22a） g/tree per year, 0.246（8a）～0.720（22a） g/tree per year, and 1.68（6a）～5.49（22a） g/tree per year, respectively. Season and tree age had highly significant impact on the loss of mineral nutrients from latex. Mineral element content and dry rubber content in latex varied with season or tree age, leading to final differences in loss of mineral elements （N, P, K, Ca, and Mg） from latex.