丈夫外出务工对农村留守妇女的心理影响分析

Analysis on the Psychological Impacts of Husbands' Migration on the Women Left at Home in Rural China

通过以社区为基础的微观社会学研究视角,可分析农村男性外出务工对留守妇女的心理影响及其原因。大多数农村留守妇女有较大的生活压力感;两地分居的婚姻状态也导致她们处于性压抑状态,且具有强烈的孤单感;她们的不良情绪如烦躁、压抑等在丈夫外出务工后明显加剧;不安全生活事件、性骚扰以及对丈夫的担心导致她们的安全感很低。这种丈夫流动、妻子留守的家庭策略使得农村婚姻和家庭的情感满足功能大大削弱。为了缓解留守妇女承受的负面心理影响,在外务工的丈夫应尽量为妻子提供情感支持和慰藉;农村社区应组织留守妇女互助小组,丰富社区文化生活,健全社区治安防范体系。

By adopting a micro-sociological research perspective and a community study methodology, this paper analyzes the psychological impacts of rural husbands＇ labour migration on their left-behind wives and the in-depth causes. It reveals that most left-behind women have perceived high mental stress, and the separated marital life have put women in sexual suppression and thus have a strong feeling of loneliness. Meanwhile, after the husbands＇ migration, women have obviously increased negative emotions. Endangering accidents, sexual harassments and worries about husbands lead to a very low sense of safety on the part of left-behind women. As a family strategy, the marital relation of a floating husband and left-behind wife weakens considerably the role of affectionate satisfaction in rural marriages. To reduce the negative psychological impacts on left-behind women, the paper recommends that husbands shall make efforts to provide more affectionate supports and comforts for their wives, and rural communities shall organize mutual help groups among women, enrich public cultural life and enhance community security.