中国古代文学作品中狐意象文化的嬗变

The Change of Fox Images in Ancient Chinese Literature

在中国古代神话中有很多描写关于婚恋及爱情的题材,而人与妖相恋的故事,则是其中一个独具风采的分支,人妖之恋这一母题的发展和演变逐渐成为古典小说创作不可或缺的一部分。同时,在这类神话故事中,没有一种动物能像狐这样被充分赋予意味深长的文化含义。基于此,通过对远古时期的图腾崇拜和符命化,汉魏晋六朝时期的巫术化,唐宋时期的世俗化以及明清时期的艳情化、性爱化这样一个时间和空间发展历程的分析,来探讨中国古代文学作品中狐意象文化的嬗变所蕴含的深层文化内涵。

There are many subject matters about marriage and love in ancient Chinese myth, and the love between human and goblin is a unique branch. The motif of love between man and goblin has gradually developed into an important part in ancient fiction creation. At the same time, in ancient myth, there is no animal can be endowed with so profound cultural meaning expect fox. Hence, through the analysis on the image of fox in ancient Chinese literary works, this paper discusses the cultural connotation of fox culture from the process of totem and symbol adoration in the ancient time to the sorcery in the Han, Wei, and Jin dynasties, to the vulgarization in Tang and Song dynasties, and to the sexual passion in Ming and Qing dynasties.