新时期乡土小说中的农民形象谱系及其文化内涵

The Farmer Image Genealogy and Cultural Connotations in the Local Novels of New Era

由于多元文化思潮的深刻影响,作为新时期乡土小说的主体形象,农民形象审美特征及其文化内涵丰厚充盈。依据其自身审美内涵的差异性,农民形象谱系大致可以分为三个类型:文化表征型、现实镜像型和生存喻指型。文化表征型农民形象源于作家文化批判与重建的强烈诉求,农民的文化能指意味愈趋明显。现实镜像型农民形象则折射出现实乡村变革对于农民传统文化心理的改变与塑造,农民与土地的矛盾冲突成为作家的叙事焦点。生存喻指型农民形象突出农民的生存意识,彰显出作家以自由自在的乡村文化心态和自足自立的乡村民间生存原则对抗意识形态同化改造乡村的文化意图。随着时代文化语境的迁移,农民形象谱系及其文化内涵必然会产生新质,克服当前农民叙事缺陷也成为作家必须直面的现实问题。

Due to the profound impact of multi cultural ideas, as the main image in the local novel of new era, the farmer images＇ aesthetic characteristics and cultural connotation is thriving. In accordance with its own difference of aesthetic connotation, the farmer image genealogy is mainly made up of the culture-based, reality^based and survival-based images. The culture-based comes from writers＇ strong demand of cultural reconstruction and criti- cism, which has become an apparent culture signifier. The reality-based reflects the change and shape of farmers＇ traditional cultural psychology. The conflicts between farmer and land become writers＇ narrative focus. The sur- vival-based gives prominence to farmer＇s survival awareness and highlights the freely rural mentality and self-sufficient survival principle, which antagonizes the assimilation and rehabilitation of ideology to the rural. With the change of cultural contexts, the farmer image genealogy and cultural connotation is bound to generate a new quality. Meanwhile, the writer must face the problem to overcome the shortcomings of farmer narrative.