汽车筒式减振器分段线性特性的建模与仿真

Modeling and Simulation for the Piecewise Linear Characteristics of Automotive Telescopic Shock Absorber

利用弹性力学原理,根据边界约束条件和阀片变形连续性条件,推导了减振器节流阀片在非均布压力下的变形解析计算式。根据节流阀片厚度、阀片预变形量和常通节流孔面积,利用速度、流量、压力和阀片变形之间的关系,求出了减振器初始开阀和最大开阀两个速度点。根据减振器开阀前、后的油路,利用开阀速度点和阀片变形解析计算式,建立了减振器分段线性特性的仿真模型。利用VC++编程工具,开发了减振器特性仿真软件。通过实例,对所设计的减振器进行了特性仿真,其结果与试验值很好吻合。表明所建立的减振器分段线性特性仿真模型是正确的,所开发的特性仿真软件是可靠的,对汽车减振器设计和特性分析具有一定应用价值。

By applying the principle of elastic mechanics, and based on the boundary constraints and deformation continuity conditions of throttle slice, the deformation analytic formulae for throttle slice under non-uniform pressure are derived. According to the thickness and pre-deformation of throttle-slice and the area of throttling holes, and utilizing the relations between velocity, flow rate, pressure and slice deformation, the two velocity points, at which the throttle-valve starts to open and open fully, are found. On the base of fluid flow path of shock absorber before and after valve opening, and using two velocity points and the analytic formulae of throttle slice deformation, a simulation model for the piecewise-linear characteristics of shock absorber is established, and a characteristics simulation software for shock absorber is developed with VC ＋ ＋. Through a practical example, a characteristic simulation of the shock absorber designed is conducted with a result well coinciding with test result, indicating that the simulation model set up is correct and the characteristics simulation software is reliable, having certain application value for the design and characteristics analysis of shock absorber.