知识管理理论构建的哲学反思——一个跨学科的研究视角

Philosophical Reflection on Knowledge Management’s Theory-building:An Interdisciplinary Perspective

现有对知识管理和哲学结合的研究主要集中在三个方面:社会认识论、建构主义在知识共享、知识转移中的应用;宏观层面上知识管理理论整体的管理哲学思考;知识管理中"知识"的哲学思考。对知识管理主要模型和理论的哲学分析得出现有知识管理理论是从企业管理的角度出发,把知识和知识活动看作企业活动的组成部分和知识管理的核心,导致知识管理研究视角的微观化、管理化和非学科化。以建构主义和社会认识论代表的社会科学哲学后经验主义提倡对知识本身、知识的生产、知识的分配、知识的利用进行社会——历史角度思考。据此,知识管理中的知识具有社会性、不确定性和语境化的特点,知识活动也具有社会性和社会参与主体性,而知识管理应是解释性理论,而不是单纯的工具性、方法性理论。它是对知识的社会生产、组织管理,以及知识的传播共享的元理论的解释和特定领域的解释。

Researches on the combination of KM and philosophy include： social epistomology and constructivism in knowledge share and knowledge transfer, the management philosophy in KM, and philosophical thoughts on knowledge. Philosophical analysis on main models and theories in KM gives an idea that taking knowledge as the core of KM leads to a microscopic, managerial and non-subject view on KM. Social epistomology and constructivism advocate a social-historical view on knowl- edge, knowledge creation, knowledge distribution and knowledge usage. So knowledge in KM is social, uncertain, and con- text-based. Knowledge activities are also social and their social joining bodies are subjects. The theory of KM should be interpretive and an explanation on meta-theory about social creation, organization, communication and share of knowledge and an explanation on exact discipline.