情绪面孔对成人惊跳反射的影响

Modulation of startle reflex by emotional faces in adulthood

目的:探讨情绪面孔刺激对成人惊跳反射的影响。方法:通过广告招募并结合状态-特质焦虑问卷、Beck抑郁问卷筛查出36名正常成人受试,采用以面孔图片(愤怒、恐惧、悲伤、快乐、中性)为诱发材料的惊跳探测任务,记录其眼轮匝肌肌电(electromyography,EMG)信号和自我报告的情绪效价、唤醒评价。结果:受试对愤怒与恐惧面孔的惊跳反应幅度均高于中性面孔[(52.07±4.24),(50.92±4.87)vs.(47.41±4.49),Ps<0.05]。对不同类型情绪面孔的效价和唤醒评价差异有统计学意义(F1=92.933,F2=16.800,均P<0.001)。快乐面孔(6.52±1.11)的效价得分高于其他面孔[愤怒(3.42±0.86),恐惧(3.58±1.02),悲伤(3.61±1.00),中性(4.55±0.82)],中性面孔的效价分高于愤怒、恐惧和悲伤面孔;愤怒(5.03±1.74)和恐惧面孔(5.05±1.55)的唤醒得分高于其他面孔[悲伤(4.57±1.34),快乐(4.23±1.43),中性(3.64±1.41)],中性面孔的唤醒得分低于其他面孔(Ps<0.05)。结论:个体的惊跳反应与面孔的情绪效价并非一一对应关系,惊跳调节效应只发生于愤怒与恐惧面孔。

Objective： To explore the effect of emotional faces on startle reflex in adulthood. Methods： Thirty-six normal adults were recruited through advertisements and screened out with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory. Subjects were presented with acoustic startle probes, while viewing different facial stimulus （ representing anger, fear, sad, happy, and neutral ） . Their orbicularis electromyography（ EMG ） activity and self-reported valence and arousal ratings were assessed. Results： Anger and fear expressions both induced greater startle reactivity than neutral expressions [ （ 52. 07 ± 4. 24 ） , （ 50. 92 ±4. 87） vs. （ 47.41± 4.49 ） , Ps 〈 0.05 ], but the differences between other faces were not significant（ Ps 〉 0. 05 ） . Self-reported valence and arousal ratings both revealed significant main effects （ F1 = 92. 933, P 〈 0. 001 ; F2 = 16. 800, P 〈 0. 001 ） . Valence ratings for happy expressions （6. 52 ± 1.11） were rated significantly more positively than other types of expressions （ anger 3.42 ± 0. 86, fear 3.58 ± 1.02, sad 3.61 ± 1.00, neutral 4. 55±0. 82 ） . Neutral faces associated with significantly higher valence ratings than anger, fear and sad faces, which were not significantly different from each other （ Ps 〉 0. 05 ） . For self-reported arousal, anger （ 5.03 v1.74 ） and fear faces （ 5.05 ± 1.55 ） were significantly higher than the other types （ sad 4. 57 ±1.34, happy 4.23 ± 1.43, neutral 3.64 ±1.41 ）, whereas arousal ratings for neutral faces were significantly lower than the other types, and there were no other significant differences （ Ps 〉 0.05 ） . Conclusion. The findings suggest that there is not a one-to-one relationship between expression valence and startle reflex. Startle reflex modulation effect seems to be found only for anger and fear faces.