SOS儿童村儿童与单亲家庭和完整家庭儿童行为问题的对照研究

Contrast study on the behavioral problems among children from SOS children village,single-parent family and intact family

目的:探讨SOS儿童村儿童的心理行为状况及其相关因素。方法:以在某市SOS儿童村至少入住1年以上的8～16岁汉族儿童61人(SOS组)为研究对象,方便选取SOS儿童村儿童就读较集中的小学和中学各一所,选取年龄和性别相匹配的单亲家庭和完整家庭儿童各61人为对照组(分别简称为单亲组和完整组),采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(Child Behavioral Checklist,CBCL)、Achenbach教师报告表(Teacher's Report Form,TRF)及自制一般情况调查表进行评定。结果:(1)SOS组儿童TRF行为问题检出率高于完整组儿童(37.7%vs.3.3%,P<0.001)。三组儿童的CBCL行为问题检出率差异无统计学意义(11.5%,24.6%,16.4%,P=0.156)。(2)SOS组男童TRF的社交问题、注意、违纪、攻击、外化性问题分和总分均高于完整组同龄男童(如,总分30.83vs.12.67,P<0.01),违纪分高于单亲组同龄男童(32.33vs.19.83,P<0.01),退缩分低于单亲组同龄男童(16.87vs.33.33,P<0.001)。8～11岁SOS组男童CBCL的分裂样、抑郁、强迫性、社交退缩、攻击性分及总分均低于单亲组同龄男童(如,总分15.70vs.30.80,P<0.01);SOS组女童与单亲组和完整组女童CBCL各项行为问题因子分及总分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)回归分析结果显示儿童有数个好朋友、学业成绩良好是其行为问题的保护因素,生活在非完整家庭是儿童行为问题的危险因素(B=-1.356～1.947)。结论:SOS儿童村是一种较好的抚养孤儿的方式。SOS儿童村男童Achenbach教师报告表行为问题较突出,女童行为表现较适切。儿童行为问题与其学业表现、同伴关系及家庭环境等因素有关。

Objective： To assess the behavioral problems in children from the SOS children village and explore the related factors. Methods： Sixty-one Han children aged 8 - 16 years from a SOS children village were chosen as the study group, who had been in the SOS children village for at least 1 year. And matched in gender and age with the SOS children, 61 Han children with single parent and 61 Han children from intact family were taken as control groups who were conveniently drawn from 1 primary school and 1 high school where most of the SOS children studied. The 3 groups were assessed with the Achenbach Teacher＇ s Report Form （ TRF ）, Achenbach Child Behavioral Checklist （CBCL） and general status questionnaire. Results： （ 1 ） By the results of TRF, the rate of children with behavioral problems in the SOS group was higher than that in the intact family group （37. 7% vs. 3.3%, P〈0. 001 ） . By the results of CBCL, there was no statistical difference in the rate of children with behavioral problems among the 3 groups （ 11.5 %, 24. 6%, and 16. 4%, P = 0. 156 ） . （ 2 ） In the results of TRF, the scores of social problems, attention, delinquency, aggression, externalizing problem and the total score were higher in the SOS group boys than those in the intact family group boys （e. g. , the total score, 30. 83 vs. 12. 67, P 〈0. 01 ） ; the score of withdrawal was lower in the SOS group boys than that in the single parent group boys （ 16. 87 vs. 33.33, P 〈0. 001 ） . In the results of CBCL, the scores of schizoid, depression, compulsion, social withdrawal, aggression and the total score were lower in the SOS group boys aged 8 - 11 years than those in the matched boys in the single parent group （ e. g. , the total score, 15.70 vs. 30. 80, P 〈0.01） ; and there were no statistical difference in the all factor scores and the total score among the 3 group girls （ P 〉 0.05 ） . （ 3） The logistic regression analysis showed that the protective factors of behavioral problems were number of children＇s good friend, their academic performance, and nonintact family structure was the risk factor （ β = - 1. 356 - 1. 947 ） . Conclusion： The rearing way of the SOS children village is a good way to orphans. According to the results of the Achenbach Teacher＇s Report Form, the behavioral problems are more obvious in the boys from SOS village. Children＇s behavioral problems may be related to the academic achievements, peer relationship and family environment, etc.