非洲紫罗兰叶片外植体再生技术体系的建立

Tissue Culture and Regeneration System from Leaves of Saintpaulia ionantha In Vitro

研究3种叶型的非洲紫罗兰(Saintpaulia ionantha)组培快繁的最佳激素配比、炼苗移栽技术,以满足规模化生产的要求。以非洲紫罗兰幼嫩叶片为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,比较不同浓度和不同种类的生长激素对愈伤诱导、不定芽的萌发、试管苗生芽生根的影响,并比较了不同移栽方式对存活率等指标的影响。结果表明:非洲紫罗兰叶片愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.3mg/L和MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L,培养4周左右,诱导率达100%,绝大多数愈伤组织上都有芽的分化。采用培养基MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.3mg/L继代1次后,每个愈伤组织上分化产生的芽可达30余个,3个品种的愈伤组织诱导、成芽能力差异不大。非洲紫罗兰品种A和C适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+0.2mg/LNAA,品种B适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+0.5mg/LIBA。生根苗转入纯蛭石栽培时,用1/4MS大量与微量元素进行叶片追肥,成活率90%以上。移栽至腐殖土栽培成活率95%以上,3个月栽培后栽培苗成花。成功建立了3种叶型非洲紫罗兰组织培养快繁技术体系。

The best hormone ratio, training plantlet and transplant technology were studied to meet the requirements of large-scale production using three kinds of African violet （Saintpaulia ionantha ） of different leaf-types. Different concentrations and types of growth hormone on callus induction, adventitious bud germination, plantlets rooting, and different transplanting methods were investigated to optimize the factory production procedures. The results showed the best culture media of leaf callus induction were MS＋6-BA 0.5 mg/L ＋NAA 0.3 mg/L and MS＋6-BA 0.5 mg/L ＋NAA 0.5 mg/L. After four weeks cultivation, callus induction rate reached to 100%, and buds occurred on almost every callus. After subculture on the medium MS＋6-BA 0.5 mg/L ＋NAA 0.3 mg/L, about 30 buds could be observed on one callus. There were no obvious differences in callus and bud induction in different cultivars. The proper culture medium for rooting culture was 1/2MS＋0.2 mg/L NAA for varieties A and C, but 1/2MS＋0.5 mg/L IBA for B variety. Vermiculite was the optimum medium for test-tube plantlet after transplant, and 1/4 MS （large elements and trace element） should be used as foliar fertilizer, and the survive rate of the root regeneration plant was over 90%. After transferred to humus, above 95% of plantlet could survive. After three months of cultivation, the African violet burst into blossom. Three kinds of African violet of different leaf-types tissue culture propagation technology system were successfully established in the study.