土壤硝态氮淋溶及氮素利用研究进展

Research Advancement in Nitrate Leaching and Nitrogen Use in Soils

农业生产中氮肥的不科学施用,在一定程度上造成环境污染,而硝态氮淋溶则是水体环境质量恶化的重要影响因素,也成为氮素损失研究中的热点问题。综述了近年来国内外在土壤硝态氮淋溶方面的研究进展,提出氮肥施用量多寡以及土壤灌溉和降雨是导致硝态氮淋溶的重要因素,总结了根据土壤质地和矿物组成调整氮肥施用,合理耕作,水分管理,生化抑制剂的合理添加以及新型高效缓控释肥料的施用等措施是减少土壤硝态氮淋溶,提高氮素利用率的有效途径。

Nitrogen leaching from agricultural land and the contamination of ground and surface water resources were two major environmental concerned problems in many parts of China. This paper have summarized nitrogen leaching research in recent years, pointed out that nitrogen application, irrigation, and rainfall were major influencing factors. Also some effective methods, such as fertilization based on mineral composition, rational cultivation, water management, biological inhibitors, and new type efficiency fertilizer application, were put forward to reduce nitrogen leaching and improve use efficiency.