空气微生物的研究进展

Recent Research Progress on Air Microorganism

空气微生物是指悬浮于空气中的微生物,它们不仅具有极其重要的生态功能,同时还与空气污染,环境质量和人体健康密切相关。空气微生物的研究方法主要有培养基方法和非培养基方法。近年来,科学家对空气微生物的来源、类型、粒谱范围、毒理学以及影响空气微生物群落变化的因素进行了较系统的研究,结果表明:空气微生物主要来源于自然界的水体、土壤、动植物和人类;微生物气溶胶的粒径主要在0.25～30μm间变化;影响空气微生物群落结构的主要因素有:大气温度、相对湿度、风速、光照等。该文就近些年来对空气微生物的定义和性质、研究方法等国内外研究进展进行了综述,并对空气微生物的研究前景进行了展望,指出实时持续的监测是将来空气微生物研究的发展趋势。

Air microorganism is the microbes that suspend in the air, they are not only important for ecological functions, but also are closely related with air pollution, environment quality and human health. Two major research methods including culture dependent and independent methods have been used for the study of air microbe. During recent years, systematic studies by scientists have been made on the sources, classification, particle size, and toxicology and influence factors of community structure of air microbe. The results suggested that water body, soil, animal, vegetation, and human being are the main sources of air microbe. The particle diameter of microbiological aerosol ranges from 0.25-30μm. The community structure of air microbe is affected mainly by air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, illumination. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the definition and character of air microbe, research methods of air microbe and also give future research prospects of the air microbe; real-time measurement of air microbe is considered a development trend in future.