应用“3414”试验设计建立二次肥料效应函数寻求马铃薯氮磷钾适宜施肥量的研究

NPK Reasonable Application Rate on Potato by Establishing Fertilizer Effect Model of Second Degree Polynomial Using "3414" Experimental Design

马铃薯是南安市主要冬种经济作物,合理施肥是提高产量和商品率的重要技术措施。应用"3414"田间肥料试验设计方法,于2006—2007年连续2年,对马铃薯主产区不同土壤类型进行田间肥效试验。结果表明,5种主要土壤类型能获得的马铃薯产量在20780.6～41818.66kg/hm2之间,平均为31264.05kg/hm2。最高产量的氮磷钾推荐施肥量分别是N173.09～243.57kg/hm2、P2O556.25～82.60kg/hm2、K2O182.63～324.76kg/hm2,平均则分别是N204.24kg/hm2、P2O568.01kg/hm2和K2O253.62kg/hm2,三要素比例是1:0.26～0.44:0.93～1.44;最佳施肥效益的推荐施肥量分别是N165.19～292.78kg/hm2、P2O55.45～82.50kg/hm2和K2O178.66～418.25kg/hm2,平均则分别为N219.09kg/hm2、P2O556.77kg/hm2和267.08kg/hm2,三要素比例为1:0.02～0.50:1.08～1.43。由于不同土壤类型的速效氮磷钾含量有一定差异,马铃薯适宜施肥量应因土壤类型而适当调整。

Potato is main economic crop in winter in Nan＇ an City. Reasonable application rate is an important technical measure for increasing its yield and commodity rate. From 2006 to 2007, fertilizer effect experiments of NPK on field were carried on in different soil types of main producing areas of the city, which used experimental design of 3414. Results showed that the highest yield was from 20 780.6 kg/hm^2 to 41 818.66 kg/ hm^2 and its average yield was 31 264.05 kg/hm^2 in optimum fertilization treatment in 5 soil types. For gaining the highest yield, fertilization recommendation were N173.09-243.57 kg/hm^2 and 204.24 kg/hm^2 on average, P205 56.25-82.60 kg/hm^2 and 68.01 kg/hm^2 on average, K20 182.63-324.76 kg/hm^2 and 253.62 kg/hm^2 on average respectively, which the rate of N： P2O5：K2O was 1： 0.26-0.44：0.93 -1.44. For gaining the optimum benefit, application rate were recommended that N 165.19-292.78 kg/hm^2 and 219.09 kg/hm^2 on average, P2O5 5.45-82.50 kg/hm^2 and 56.77 kg/hm^2 on average, K2O 178.66-18.25 kg/hm^2 and 267.08 kg/hm^2 on average respectively, which the rate of N： P2O5： K2O was 1：0.02- 0.50：1.08-1.43. Because of available N and P and K in different soil types were disaffinity, optimum application rate among soil types had some difference. Therefore, NPK application rate of potato in different soil types should adjust based on the experimental results above mention.