玉米生育期和生育阶段的纬度效应研究

Effect of Latitude on Growth Period and Phase in Maize (Zea mays L.)

明确纬度对玉米生长的影响,有利于玉米品种的合理布局,最大限度增加产量;在辽宁、北京4点种植农大364等4个玉米品种,采用小区试验,调查各生育阶段,分析纬度与玉米生育时期的关系;同期播种时,播种-成熟、出苗-成熟、出苗-抽雄、抽雄-成熟天数极差分别为31～42天、17～33天、11～25天、5～10天,地点间及品种间均差异极显著、且地点大于品种,各生育时期的天数均表现为华单208>农大364>辽单43>辽单33,在39.8°N～42.5°N范围内每增加1°N,玉米播种-成熟、出苗-成熟、出苗-抽雄、抽雄-成熟的天数分别增加12～17天、6～13天、3～10天、2～5天;相同海拔高度下玉米种植,纬度与玉米全生育期、营养生长期、生殖生长期存在正的线性回归关系,其中营养生长对纬度的敏感程度大于生殖生长,回归系数的大小与年际间有关。

To clear about the latitude effects on Maize Growth, favors the rational distribution of maize and the output increase. Four maize varieties were planted in 4 test points separately, including Liaoning, Beijing and so on. Using the plot experiments, through to survey results of each growth developmental stage of maize to analyze the relations between the latitude and the stage to maturing stage, from seedling growth stages. The ranges of maize growth days from sowing stage to maturing stage, from seedling stage to heading stage, from heading stage to maturing stage are 31-42 d, 17-33 d, 11-25 d and 5-10 d, separately. There are significant difference not only in but also in the varieties at the same sowing seeds time, the difference is larger in the testing points than in the varieties, successively order of the day range showed Huadan208〉Nongda364〉 Liaodan43〉Liaodan33 at each growth developmental stage. Along with the latitude increasing 1° in 39.8°N- 42.5°N, the days from sowing stage to maturing stage, from seedling stage to maturing stage, from seedling stage to heading stage, from heading stage to maturing stage respective increased 12-17 d, 6-13 d, 3-10 d and 2-5 d. Conclusions： Under the same altitude maize cultivation, the latitude and the corn growth duration, the vegetative growth phase, the generative growth phase all have the linear regression relations, the sensitivity to the latitude is larger in the vegetative growth than in the generative growth. The regression coefficients are decided by the planter year.