基于运输需求的基础路网规划理论与方法研究

Study on Theory and Method of Basic Road Network Planning Based on Transport Demand

为了解决中国公路运输的"瓶颈"问题,使运输更好地为国民经济服务,提出了基础路网的概念,分析了现有公路网的干线路网和基础路网的范畴,研究了运输需求与交通需求在作为路网规划的变量时的区别以及运输需求对基础路网布局规划的影响。以有利于国民经济和社会发展产生的运输需求为目标,构造了基础路网规划的模型和算法。规划模型以投资费用最小为前提,为缩短路网建设里程,节约建设成本,增加了费马点,并证明了该方法是有效的。开发了模型与算法的集成软件ArcGIS,使得整个规划过程的计算与分析数据化,结果可视化,并对模型和算法的效果进行了验证。分析结果表明:规划后的基础路网使用效率能相对保持在70%～80%这一理想范围内,能够清楚地反映研究区域运输需求的要素。因此,基于运输需求来规划基础路网可行。

In order to solve the bottleneck problem in the highway transportation of China and make transport serve the national economy better, the concept of basic road network was proposed. The scope of main road and basic road network of current highway network was analyzed, the influence of transport demand on the planning of basic road network was studied, and the difference between the transport demand and traffic demand used as variables was explored. For the transport demand to the benefit of the national economy and social development, the mathematical model and algorithm of basic road network were established. On the promise of the minimum investment, the Fermat point was added in the model to shorten the distance of road network and save the construction costs, and the approach was proved to be effective. To make the calculation and analysis of the whole planning procedure statistic and the result visual, the integrated software ArcGIS for the model and algorithm was developed and the effect of the model and algorithm were examined. The results indicate that the factors of regional transport demand can be reflected clearly when the service efficiency of the planned basic road network is maintained in the respectively reasonable range of 70% to 80%. Consequently, it is practical to plan the basic road network based on transport demand.