425例社区获得性肺炎的临床分析

Clinical Analysis of Community Acquired Pneumonia in 425 Patients

目的探讨社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者的临床特征,指导CAP诊治。方法分析我院425例CAP患者的临床表现、X线表现、微生物学检查及治疗情况。结果住院CAP患者以老年人多见,肺炎的临床表现最主要的症状仍为咳嗽、咳痰、发热,但与年轻人相比老年人易于出现呼吸困难和神智障碍;X线主要表现为片状影或间质渗出;痰液培养的阳性率比较低,治疗主要靠依赖经验治疗,预后较好。结论社区获得性肺炎是一种呼吸内科常见病,按照指南临床诊治相对容易。但在部分老年人症状重且不典型,伴基础疾病时可出现预后不良,需引起重视。

Objective Contrast to CAP directory, to analyze the clinical features of the inpatient CAP patients for guidance of the diagnosis and treatment. Methods By retrospective, the data of clinical manifestation, X-ray, mierobiological examination and therapy of 425 inpatient CAP patients were investigated. Results There were more frequently in inpatient patients of CAP. Cough, expectoration and fever are most important symptoms of CAP patients, but the dyspnea and dysphreni were frequently in aged patients contrasting to younger patients. Lamel]ar high density shadow and interstitial effusion were two major features of CAP in X-ray. There is seldom benefit from spu- tum culture in CAP patients because of its low positive rate. The treatment of CAP patients depended on experiential therapy and the prognosis of CAP patients is better. Conclusions Community acquired pneumonia is very common in elinlic work of respiratory. Upon CAP directory, the diagnosis and treatment of CAP were easy in most patients. Some aged patients may be poor prognosis when they had serious and uncharacteristic symptoms, especially had complication.