论归顺士人在清王朝入关中的作用

On the Function of Gentle Persons Changing Their Allegiance at the Period of Entering Pass in Qing Dynasty

明清易代使得广大士绅处在了两难的选择之中,何去何从成为士人必须面对的选择,于是,有人誓死捍卫行将就木的大明政权,积极参与镇压农民军政权,也有人转身支持正在崛起的满洲贵族建立的清政权,这些支持和归顺清政权的士人从此被钉在了儒家道德和礼仪的十字架上,他们被视为不忠不孝的贰臣,长时期以来备受世人唾骂,但是,仔细思考当时的客观情况,可以得出另外一种结论:即,这些归顺清朝的明朝士人,凭借其丰富的佐理经验和才能,为迅速结束明末清初的社会动乱,稳定社会秩序,安定人心,促进统一多民族国家的发展来说都发挥了积极的作用和意义,这点不该因为其人的归顺动机和行为而抹杀。

Dynastic changes of Ming and Qing made a lot of gentle persons facing the dilemma of where to go and whom to serve. So some of them were prepared to die in order to defend the power of Ming Dynasty that is dying, and were active in suppressing the uprising activities of peasants; and some of them turned around to support the Qing Power newly founded by Manzhou nobility. As a result, these gentle persons supporting and changing their allegiance to the Qing power had been fixed at the cross of Confucian morals and ethics, seen as the disloyal and unfilial persons and cursed by the world. But after the careful analysis of objective situation at that time, it is concluded that by means of their rich experiences and talents in managing the country, these gentle persons who changed their allegiance to Qing Dynasty have played an active part in ending the social disorder at the turn of Ming and Qing rapidly, stabilizing the social orders, reassuring the public and promoting the development of unified multi - ethnics country. This point should not be denied because of their motivation and behavior of allegiance to new dynasty.