永宁摩梭文化的发展与保护

Development and Protection of Mosuo Culture

摩梭文化的外部环境处于不断变化之中,尤其是近年来随着旅游开发和经济的高速发展,这种变化尤为明显。对当前摩梭文化外部环境变化的分析表明:摩梭文化遭受的冲击主要表现在与异族文化融合加快、商品经济高速发展和生态环境逐渐退化三个方面。随着旅游开发的进行,摩梭文化的发展将经过对异族文化和现代文明的简单模仿,到批判地接受外界文化并逐渐认识自身文化的独特性与优越性,再到充分意识到摩梭文化的优越性,从具有高度民族自豪感出发自觉地保护摩梭文化的发展趋势。遵循继承与发扬并重、打破民族封闭、体现时代和创新精神的保护原则;具体政策上采取加强政府主导,开展科学管理规划与开辟多元投资渠道,支持摩梭文化学术研究并培养民族艺术家、思想家以提高和培养民众保护意识,以及采取通过开发促进保护等是摩梭文化发展与保护的具体措施。

Tbe external environment of Mosuo culture has changed constantly, especially during the last decade with the rapid develop- ment of tourism and commodity economy. An analysis of the current environment change reveals three aspects of impacts： a quicker fu- sion between Mosuo culture and alien cultures, a quick development of commodity economy and a gradual eco - environmental degrada- tion. With the development of tourism, Mosuo culture will go through three stages. First, it will simply imitate the alien cultures and modem civilization, and it will gradually realize the uniqueness and superiority of Mosuo culture with a critical acceptance of alien cul- tures, and finally it will fully understand its own superiority and develop a strong sense of national pride to consciously protect its own culture. On this basis, the principles for protecting Mosuo culture include the equal focus on inheritance and development, the aban- donment of close - door practice, and the promotion of the contemporary and innovative spirit. Furthermore, the strategies include the strengthening of the government leadership, better scientific management planning and multi - investment measures, more academic re- searches on Mesnn culture and more training of Mosuo artists and thinkers, and better protection consciousness for sustainable develop- ment and protection of Mosuo culture.