土壤中石油矿物油的荧光特性测量

Fluorescence characteristics of mineral oil in soils

为了实现对土壤中石油污染物含量的监测,保护土壤环境,采用荧光光谱测量分析方法对原油、柴油、机油3种矿物油进行了荧光特性研究。首先,理论分析了石油有机物受激发射荧光的机理;然后,利用荧光光谱仪对水和土壤中的原油、柴油、机油分别进行了荧光测量实验,考察了它们在不同浓度条件下的光谱特性。结果表明,原油、柴油、机油在水中和土壤中受紫外光激发时都能够发出很强的荧光,荧光光谱位于可见光区350～700nm;当它们在水和土壤介质中的浓度为0.0～1.0mg/kg时,其荧光强度与浓度均成线性关系,在水中最低检测浓度为0.005mg/kg,在土壤中的最低检测浓度为0.010mg/kg。实验证明了利用荧光光谱法对土壤中的石油污染物进行检测分析是可行的。

In order to detect the oil pollutants in soils and to protect the soils,the fluorescence characteristics for crude oil,diesel oil and machine oil were measured by the fluorescence spectrum analysis method.Firstly,the stimulated emission mechanism of organic molecules in oil was studied theoretically,then the fluorescence spectrum experiments for three kinds of mineral oil in water and soils were conducted respectively by a fluorescent spectrograph,and the fluorescence characteristics of different concentrations of the mineral oil were investigated.It is shown from the measured results that three kinds of oil in the soils and water can all emit intensive fluorescence as they are excited by UV rays,and the fluorescence spectra are located between 350 nm and 700 nm.When their concentrations in water and soils are in the range of 0.0-1.0 mg/kg,the relationship between oil concentration and fluorescence intensity shows a good linearity and the minimum detecting limits are 0.005 mg/kg in water and 0.01 mg/kg in soils.These results demonstrate that the fluorescent spectral analysis can be used in the detection and analysis of the concerned oil pollutants in soils directly or indirectly.