襄樊市低年级小学生单纯性肥胖的遗传和环境相关因素分析

Analysis on related genetic and environmental factors of simple obesity in low-grade primary students in Xiangfan city

目的:了解襄樊市低年级小学生单纯性肥胖的流行情况,探讨影响儿童肥胖的遗传和环境相关因素,为制定地方性儿童肥胖干预策略提供科学依据。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,收集襄樊城区及所辖市县1、2、3年级小学生身高、体重资料;自编问卷调查肥胖相关影响因素,并进行非条件Logistic回归分析。结果:2532名7～9岁儿童肥胖检出率为8.65%,其中男童为11.10%,女童为5.96%。男童以9岁组肥胖率最高,总体上随年龄增长而增加;女童肥胖率以7岁组最高,总体上随年龄增长而降低。共有17项因素进入Logistic多因素回归方程,包括4项遗传因素和13项环境因素,其中关联强度较大的因素为监护人持有胖就是健康的观念、食欲好、父母双方均肥胖(OR值分别为13.622、9.314、3.412);高出生体重、父母肥胖、不偏食、进食速度快、运动时间短、暴饮暴食、喜食油炸食品和肉类食物、不吃早餐、服从家长对食物的提示、母亲文化程度、广告传媒影响等也与儿童肥胖相关(OR值均>1)。结论:儿童肥胖与遗传因素和环境因素关系密切,应在小学低年级阶段采取健康教育、饮食调整、运动锻炼等综合措施进行群体干预,预防单纯性肥胖。

Objective： To understand the epidemic condition of simple obesity in low- grade primary students in Xiangfan city, explore the related genetic and environmental factors of simple obesity in children, provide a basis for making local intervention measures of obesity in children. Methods ： The data including body height and body weight of children of grade 1,2, and 3 in Xiangfan were collected by stratified random sampling method; the related effect factors of obesity were surveyed by a self - designed questionnaire , then the results were analyzed with logistic regression analysis. Results： Among 2 532 children aged 7 - 9 years old, the detection rate of obesity was 8. 65%, the detection rate of obesity in boys and girls were 11.10% and 5.96% , respectively. Among boys, the detection rate of obesity in 9 year - old group was the highest, in total, the detection rate increased with age. Among girls, the detection rate of obesity in 7 year - old group was the highest, in total, the detection rate decreased with age. 17 factors were subsumed in logistic regression equation, including four genetic factors and thirteen environmental factors, the significant factors included： parents believing overweight was healthy （ OR = 13. 622）, good appetite （ OR = 9. 314） and both parent being overweight （ OR = 3.412） . Other effect factors include： high birth weight, mother being obesity, father being obesity, not particular about food, eating fast, short sports time, overeating, favoring fried food and meat, no breakfast, obeying parents＇ suggestion on food, mother＇s education level and media ads influences （OR 〉 1 ） . Conclusion： Obesity in children is related to genetic and environmental factors closely. Group intervention measures including health education, diet adjustment, physical exercise should be conducted to prevent obesity in lower grade primary students.