湖南省小流域生态安全综合评价指标体系研究

Evaluation Index System of Ecological Security in the Watershed of Hu'nan Province

该文通过收集整理湖南省小流域基础数据,结合实际调查完成对湘东、湘南、湘西3个区域11个典型小流域生态安全评价指标的筛选。基于小流域水土资源、生态环境及社会经济三个方面的复合表征,采用层次分析法、专家咨询法等方法建立可适用于南方红壤区小流域生态安全综合评价指标体系及评价模型。评价结果表明:(1)总体而言,湖南省各地区小流域生态现状评价为基本安全,湘西地区的生态现状安全程度要高于其他地区,具体次序为:湘西较好,湘南次之,湘东较差;(2)小流域生态安全综合评价指数分布与水土流失率分布范围有较好的一致性,水土流失率大的流域,其生态安全综合指数明显偏低,两者存在较强的负相关性;(3)通过小流域生态安全的障碍因素分析,影响湖南省小流域生态安全的主要障碍因素为土壤侵蚀量、水土流失率、水土流失治理率及人均纯收入等。

After collecting basic data of 11 small watersheds in Hu~ nan province and considering the practi- cal investigation, the selection of indexes for ecological security assessment for Eastern, Western and Southern Hu^nan province have been accomplished in this paper. Based on the composite characteristics of soil and water resources, ecological environment and society and economy, the integrated evaluation index system and assessment model on small watersheds in red soil region in Southern China were constructed through analytic hierarchy process method and expert consultation method and so on. In conclusion, the ecological security assessment of every watershed in Hu＇nan is safe, the degree sequence is Western Hu~ nan, Southern Hu＇nan and Eastern Hu^nan. The distribution of integrated index of ecological security as- sessment on small watersheds has strong negative correlation with the distribution of rate of soil and water loss. The bigger the water lose rate was, the smaller the integrated index was. The main hindering factors are amount of soil erosion, rate of soil and water lose, per capita income and so on.