基于脆弱性和可持续生计视角的黄土高原生态环境治理研究

Eco-environmental Construction on the Loess Plateau Based on the Perspective of the Vulnerability and Sustainable Livelihoods Approaches

脆弱性和可持续生计在国际上倍受关注,脆弱性分析和可持续生计方法已经成为可持续发展研究的重要工具,该文以脆弱性和可持续生计为视角,对黄土高原现行的水土流失治理和生态环境建设的模式进行审视,认为坝系退耕、赈济退耕、梯田退耕、集雨工程、生态移民5种模式的实质是通过人为干预改变黄土高原水沙运移的时空特征,遏止日趋严重的水土流失,防止生态环境进一步恶化,实现黄河中下游的生态安全和可持续发展;不同模式在黄土高原水土流失治理和生态环境建设中各有其优势,也各有其脆弱性,其应用和推广必须因地制宜,必须适应黄土高原的自然地理分异特点,必须考虑地方居民的可持续生计,不能以偏概全,要统筹考虑。

In recent years, the vulnerability and sustainable livelihoods approaches have been the most im- portant topics in the fields of sustainable sciences. This paper researches on the water and soil erosion modes and the eco-environmental construction with the concept of vulnerability and the sustainable liveli- hoods approaches, and analyzes the characteristics of the five kinds of ecological de-farming modes： the dams de-farming, the relieve de-farming, the ladder de-farming, the rain water harvesting project and the ecological migration, and argues that the essence of all kinds of ecological de-farming modes exists in chan- ging the spatial and temporal characteristics of water and soil on the Loess Plateau, to control the water loss and soil erosion, to protect eco-environment from steady deterioration, and to achieve the ecological security and sustainable development in the of the middle and of the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Different ecological de-farming mode has advantages and disadvantages respectively, and the vulnerability is different too, thus the applications of them have to take the rule of territorial differentiation and sustain- able livelihoods of the local people into consideration in the mean time, have to take the whole situation in- to account.