马华文学的族群性:研究领域的建构与误区

The Ethnicity of Malaysian Chinese Literature:Construction and Pitfalls of the Research Field

本文尝试整理近二十年来马华文学的论述，主题脉络为族群性，目的是要探讨马华文学作为研究领域的建构和误区。本文认为，“中国关系”的评论偏颇，需要进行“华人性”研究范式上的调整。“南洋论述”倾向于华文的古老语境，需要考虑现代性和其他语文的存在。“复系统理论”合适地梳理马华文学和台湾文学的关系，但罔顾马来西亚多元结构性的隔阂。“华语语系文学”让马华文学掉入另一种二分法，忽略马华族群的多元语文维度。“华马文学”强调非华文的部分，确立马华族群性，贴近马来西亚多元文化的语境。

This article attempts to examine the discourses on Malaysian Chinese literature over the past two decades, revolving around the theme of ethnicity, in order to study the construction and pitfalls of the research field of Malaysian Chinese literature. It argues that the criticism on ＂China relations＂ is biased, thus a need for readjusting the paradigm of ＂Chineseness. ＂ The ＂Nanyang discourse＂ inclines to the ancient Chinese language context, but the research has to take into account modernity and other languages. The ＂Polysystem Theory＂ aptly studies the linkages between Malaysian Chinese and Taiwan Residents literature, but ignores segregation in Malaysia＇ s multistructural context. The ＂Sinophone literature＂ renders Malaysian Chinese literature another dichotomy, undermining the diverse languages and dimensions in which the Malaysian Chinese are embedded as an ethnic group. ＂Huama （Chinese Malaysian） literature＂ underscores the non Chinese language areas, and recognizes the Malaysian Chinese ethnicity, thus coming close to Malaysia＇ s muhi-cuhural context.