《日瓦戈医生》中的“俄罗斯男孩”主题刍议

On the "Russian Boys" Theme in Doctor Zhivago

人在历史中的命运一直是作家帕斯捷尔纳克关注的问题。在他看来,历史自有其内在的发展规律。人不能创造历史、阻断历史、推动历史,却可能被历史裹挟,成为"时代俘虏中永恒的人质"。历史不为个体存在,却扼杀个体。因而,个体命运在历史中永远处在悲剧的冲突之中。但是,在历史之中人的命运不只有被动,人可以通过在历史中的选择确定其生存意义。本文试图通过"男孩子在射击"、"蜡烛的宿命"、"人子的道路"以及"我要复活"等层次逐一探究《日瓦戈医生》中的"俄罗斯男孩"主题,揭示个体在历史中的茫然、抗争、肉体毁灭和精神再生。"俄罗斯男孩"们尽管在那段脱离既定轨道的历史中"夭折"了,然而作为个性,每一个在"俄罗斯恐怖时代"罹难的"俄罗斯男孩"都将得到永生。他们将成为一串串沉重的脚印,镌刻在俄罗斯历史的来路上。

Boris Pasternak was all the time concerned about the individual＇s fate in history. In his opinion, history has its own inherent law of development. People can not create, block or pro- mote history but can be coerced by history until they become ＂the eternal hostages in times cap- tured＂. History does not exist for the individual, but it stifles the individual. So the individual＇ s destiny is always in trageic conflict in history. But, the individual＇ s fate is not always passive in history; he can make his own choice to determine the significance of his existence. This article at- tempts to explore the ＂Russian boys＂ theme step-by-step in Doctor Zhivaga at the levels of ＂boys in the shooting＂, ＂fate of the candle＂, ＂son of man＇ s road＂, ＂I want to be revived＂ and so on, so that it can reveal the losses, struggles and the spiritual regenerations of persons in the history. Although those ＂Russian boys＂ were ＂short-lived＂ in that history that deviated from an intended course, every ＂Russian boy＂ who died in the ＂Russian terror times＂ will gain eternity.