汶川地震水利水电工程震损特征及规律分析

Analysis on Characteristics and Laws of Seismic Damage of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering within Wenchuan Earthquake

为了总结特大地震对水利水电工程的震损特征和规律,"5.12"汶川8.0级地震后,通过实地调查和收集高烈度区(≥8°)大、中、小型水利水电工程震损特征,并经分类统计,分析其震损规律。结果表明:当地材料坝坝体变形具有刚性材料较柔性材料破坏严重,坝体垂直变形与坝体填筑厚度成正比,水平位移与坝高关系不明显;建筑物破坏变形有自上而下逐渐减弱的趋势;经处理的边坡震损轻,没有处理的边坡滑移和崩落较普遍,洞室破坏不明显等。为我国西南水利水电工程建设防震抗震设计研究积累了不可多得的经验。

In order to sum up the characteristics and laws of seismic damage of water conservancy and hydropower engineering within the great earthquake, i.e. the magnitude Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake occurring on 12 may 2008, the authors made field surveys and collected the data on geological conditions of the dam foundation, seismic damage characteristics, anti-infiltration types, engineering treatment measures and so on, of large-, medium- and small-sized water conservancy and hydropower engineering in highly seismic region where the seismic intensity was greater than 8. After classification and statistics, the laws are as follows ： The dam body composed of the rigid materials was more severely damaged than that built by the flexible one; the vertical deformation of dam body was proportional to the filling height, while the dam height was 156 m, the maximum vertical deformation was 744.3 mm ; the horizontal displacement was no significant relationship with dam height; the destructive deformation of dam was decreased form up to down; the treated slopes produced less earthquake damage while the untreated slopes occurred some slides and slumps; the destruction of caverns was not obvious and so on. These results accumulated invaluable experience projects. It for earthquake seismic design in the construction of southwest China＇s water conservancy and hydropower provided a reference for the amendment of ＂Specifications for Seismic Design of Hydraulic Structures＂.