金代的解盐经济

The Xie Salt Economy in the Jin Dynasty

金代是中国封建社会后期继契丹族之后由女真族建立的一个封建王朝,它统治中国淮河以北广大地区长达100多年。自金太宗天会五年(1127)正月金军攻取河东,解州盐池即归金朝统辖。金初,解州盐池的生产仍实行集工捞采的原始方法,进行粗放劳动,产销由政府垄断。到蔡松年任户部尚书时才恢复了北宋范祥的钞引法,改官运官销为商运商销。河东盐(解盐)的管理,初期多循辽之旧规,其后多仿宋制。盐课在政府财政收入中占有举足轻重的地位。金后期对食盐课以重税,导致盐价一涨再涨。由于商运商销政策的实施,金代中期以后,河东盐池附近也出现了一定数量的以运销解盐为生计的专业的运盐商队。

The Jin Dynasty is a feudal dynasty of Chinese late feudal society established by Nuzhen Clan after the Qidan race, that ruled vast region of northern Huaihe River more than 100 years. Since Jin armed force capturing the River-east in the first lunar month in the fifth year （1127） of Tianhui of Tai Zong of the Jin Dynasty, salt ponds of Xiezhou were governed by the Jin Kingdom. At the beginning, the Xiezhou salt pond＇s production still implemented primitive method. Its production and marketing were monopolized by government. Till the time of Cai Songnian being charge of Shangshu of Hubu department, Fan Xiang＇s salt license law of the Northern Song Dynasty was restored and they changed official transport and marketing to commercial ones. The management of River-east Salt （Xie salt） in initial period followed old gauge, thereafter, copied the Song＇s system. The salt tax was even the most important status in government financial income. In the late Jin Dynasty, the government imposed heavy taxes on table salt and that caused salt price rising and rising again. After middle period of Jin Dynasty, thanks to the actualization of commercial transport and marketing, nearby River-east salt ponds, a certain amount of merchant team for salt transport who took the transportation and sale Xie salt as their livelihood appeared.