青少年男子篮球运动员膝关节等速肌力特征研究

Young basketball players isokinetic characteristics of knee joint

通过对36名二级青少年男子篮球运动员双侧膝关节进行等速测试,探析青少年篮球运动员膝关节向心屈伸肌群的生物力学特性,为运动训练、科学选材及临床康复等提供理论依据。方法:利用Kinitech等速康复肌力测试系统,对青少年男子篮球运动员膝关节屈伸肌群进行等速测试。结果表明:青少年男子篮球运动员双侧膝关节屈伸峰力矩随测试速度的增加呈递减趋势,且膝伸肌大于膝屈肌(P<0.05),峰力矩屈伸比(F/E)随给定测试速度的增加呈递增趋势;最大功率随测试速度的增大而增加,同一测试速度下屈、伸肌群最大功率无明显差异,左、右侧相比也无显著性差异(60°/s伸肌除外);屈伸肌群达峰力矩的角度(APT)表现为伸肌角度明显低于屈肌角度,随速度增加左右两侧膝关节达峰力矩的角度无显著差异;双侧膝关节屈伸肌群达峰力矩的时间(TPT)随测试速度的增加而减小,同一测试速度下伸肌达峰力矩的时间大于屈肌;右侧膝关节屈肌相对峰力矩(PT/BM)与下肢形态学指标表现出不同程度的正相关。本研究结论,青少年男子篮球运动员膝关节峰力矩变化规律与成年人相一致,但左右侧膝关节屈伸肌群做功能力发展不平衡,屈伸肌群运动达峰力矩角度、达峰力矩的时间存在显著差异。

Based on 36 second-grade young basketball players to conduct bilateral isokinetic knee test,it made an analysis of young basketball players in knee flexion and extension to the heart muscle biomechanical properties,for sports training,scientific selection and clinical rehabilitation to provide theoretical basis.Methods： Kinitech isokinetic muscle strength testing system rehabilitation on youth basketball players to conduct isokinetic knee flexion and extension muscles tested.The results showed that young basketball players with bilateral knee flexion and extension peak torque increased with the test speed on the decrease,and the knee extensors than knee flexor（P0.05）,flexion and extension peak torque ratio（F/E） as to increase the speed test showed increasing trend;the maximum power increases with the testing speed is increased,the same test speed under the flexor,extensor group of the maximum power no significant difference between left and right are also compared with no significant difference（60°/s,except extensor）;flexion and extension muscles of the angle of peak torque（APT） showed significantly lower extensor flexor angle,with the rate of increase of the right and left knee peak torque point of view there was no significant difference;bilateral knee muscle flexion and extension of time to peak torque（TPT） with the testing speed increased with decreasing,the same test speed under the extensor peak torque longer than flexor;the right side of the knee flexors relative peak torque（PT / BM） with indicators of lower limb morphology showed different degrees of positive correlation.Conclusion,young male basketball players in the knee peak torque variation are consistent with adults,but the left side of the knee flexion and extension muscles do work capacity of uneven development,peak torque angle of flexion and extension muscle movement,peak torque of time there are significant differences.