低温下不同抗寒性冬小麦叶片组织结构比较

Comparison of leaf tissue structure of different cold hardiness winter wheat varieties under low temperature

以强抗寒冬小麦品种东农冬麦1号和弱抗寒冬小麦品种济麦22为试材,应用光学显微镜和电子显微镜对不同低温下(5℃和-15℃)两个冬小麦品种的叶片显微、超微结构进行比较研究。结果表明,在5℃和-15℃低温下,东农冬麦1号和济麦22叶片的显微结构无明显差异,但超微结构差异较显著。东农冬麦1号类囊体基粒片层和基质片层跺叠整齐,沿叶绿体的长轴方向平行排列,而济麦22叶绿体内的类囊体排列方向无规则,与叶绿体长轴形成各种角度。在-15℃时,两个品种叶肉细胞的线粒体皆肿胀呈圆形,嵴的结构模糊,且济麦22有个别线粒体嵴消失现象。该研究结果可为冬小麦抗寒种质的选育提供理论依据。

In this research, a strong cold hardiness of winter wheat variety Dongnongdongmail and the weak one Jimai22 were used to carry on the experiment, and a comparison of leaf tissue＇s microstructure and ultrastructure of these winter wheat varieties were studied under different low temperature stress （5 ℃ and -15 ℃） with optical microscope and electron microscope. The results showed that there was no obvious difference between the leaves of Dongnongdongmail and Jimai22 in microstructure, however, the difference was very obvious in ultrastructure as follows： the grana lamella and stroma lamella of Dongnongdongmail stamped neatly and stacked parallelly along the long axis of chloroplasts, while the arrangement directions of Jimai22＇s thylakoid changed and formed various angles with the long axis of chloroplasts. At -15 ℃, the mitochondria swelled into the round shape, and the structure of cristae became blurred, while some cristae of Jimai22 disappeared. This research had important theoretical and practical significance in selecting cold-resistant winter wheat germplasm resources.