4Carstensen W.Clinical effects of reduction of acid concentration on direct bonding of brackets[J].Angle Orthod,1993,63:221-224.
5Bhad W A,Hazarey P V.Scanning electron microscopic study and shear bond strength meaasurement with 5% and 37% phosphoric acid[J].Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop,1995,108:410-414.
6Gardner A,Hobson R.Variations in acid-etch patterns with different acids and etch times[J].Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop,2001,120:64-67.
7Sadowsky P L,Retief D H,Cox P R,et al.Effect of etchant concentration and duration on the retention of orthodontic brackets:an in vivo study[J].Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop,1990,98:417-421.
9Wang W N,Lu Y Z.Bond strength with various etching times on young permanent teeth[J].Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop,1991,100:72-79.
10Ewoldsen N,Demke R S.A view of orthodontic cements and adhesive[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,2001,120:45-48.
二级参考文献17
1上海第二学院口腔系.口腔科手册，第一册[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1982.10.
2徐恒昌 王鸿.探讨釉质粘和机制中几个问题[J].中华口腔医学杂志,1981,16(1):6-9.
3Gorelick L. Bonding metal brackets with self-polymerizing sealant-composite: a 12-month assessment. Am J Orthod.1977;71(5) :542.
4Nordenvall KL, Brannstromm M, Malmgren O. Etching of deciduous teeth and young and old premenent teeth. A comparison between 15 and 60 seconds of etching. Am J Orthod. 1980;78(1) :99.
5Brannstrom M,Malmgren O,Nordenvall KJ. Etching young permanent teeth with an acid gel. Am J Orthod. 1982; 82(5) :379.
6Barkmeier w, Gwinnett J, Sheeffer S. Effects of enamel etching time on bond strength and morphology. J Clin Orthod. 1985;19(1):36.
7Kinch AP, Taylor H, Warltier R. A clinical trial comparing the failure rates of directly bonded brackets using etch times of 15 or 60 seconds. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1988;94(6) :476.
8Carstensen W. Clinical effects of reduction of acid concentration on direct bonding of bracket. Angle Orthod. 1993; 63(3) :221.
9Carstensen W. Clinical results after direct bouding of brackets using shorter etching times. Am J Orthod. 1986;89( 1)-70.
10Zachrisson BU. A posttreatment evaluation of direct bonding in orthodontics.Am J Orthod. 1977;71(2) : 173.
