中国草业教育发展史:2.研究生教育

History of pratacultural education development in China:2.Postgraduates

中国的草业科学研究生教育开始于1951年,较本科专业早7年,也是较早启动研究生教育的学科之一。近60年来,历经了非学位研究生教育(1951～1976年)和学位研究生教育(1978年至今)两个阶段的发展,培养和研究的方向从牧草学和草原学,扩展和覆盖到环境生产、植物生产、动物生产、工贸生产4个生产层的诸多方面;专业的名称也由草原科学改为草业科学。研究生教育在内涵提高的同时,外延也得到了很大的扩展,学科点的数量和培养规模大幅度增加,2010年全国共有草业科学硕士点38个,博士点19个,覆盖全国27个省市自治区;有硕士生导师232人,博士生导师107人。已毕业硕士生1 643名,博士生328名;在读硕士生1 114名,博士生319名。我国已成为世界上同类专业中教学指导思想先进,培养层次完整、学科点和学生数量最多的国家。

The pratacultural（grassland industry）education for postgraduates was launched in 1951 in China,which was 7 years earlier than that for undergraduates and one of leading specialties offering postgraduate program.over the almost 60 years,it was developed in 2 phases,including the non-degree postgraduate program（from 1951 to 1976）and degree postgraduate program（from 1978 to now）.The research and training fields were expanded from single grassland science to 4 production levels,including environment production,plant production,animal production and industry and commercial production.The name of specialty was also changed from Grassland Science to Pratacultural Science.Together with the enhancement of intension of pratacultural postgraduate education,its extension also was made great achievements.The number of postgraduate program offered in universities and students dramatically increased.By the end of 2008,there were 38 master programs,19 doctorial programs,232 and 107 supervisors for master and doctorial students respectively in China,and totally 1 643 and 328 of master and doctorial students graduated and the number of enrolled master and doctorial students was 1 114 and 319 respectively.China has become the country possesses the largest number of specialties and students,the most complete training levels and the most advanced guiding principles for teaching and learning.